,CHAPTER 1: Evolution of Nursing Thought &
Action
1. Key Concept: Environmental hygiene principles (mechanism
linking environment to infection/mortality)
Question Stem: Which principle from early nursing leaders
most directly reduced infection-related mortality in 19th-
century hospitals? (≤65 words)
A. Emphasis on patient education about chronic disease
B. Improvement of environmental sanitation and ventilation
C. Development of formal nursing licensure exams
D. Establishment of hospital billing systems
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Nightingale and contemporaries emphasized
sanitation and ventilation to reduce infection and mortality;
cleaner environments disrupt pathogen transmission
(Capriotti, Ch.1 — Historical Leaders Who Advanced the
Profession of Nursing).
• Incorrect (A): Patient education is vital but was not the
primary early intervention Nightingale used to immediately
reduce infection mortality.
• Incorrect (C): Formal licensure developed later; it improved
standards but did not immediately reduce 19th-century
infection rates.
• Incorrect (D): Billing systems affect administration, not
infection control.
Teaching Point: Environmental hygiene reduces pathogen
transmission and mortality.
, 2. Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — Nursing Today: Full-
Spectrum Nursing
Key Concept: Full-spectrum nursing continuum (mechanism:
prevention → acute → chronic → end-of-life)
Question Stem: Which statement best defines "full-spectrum
nursing"? (≤65 words)
A. Care limited to acute hospital interventions.
B. Nursing that spans prevention, acute care, chronic
management, and end-of-life care.
C. Exclusive focus on community health and prevention.
D. Nursing restricted to advanced practice roles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Full-spectrum nursing covers the continuum
from health promotion and prevention through acute,
chronic, and end-of-life care (Capriotti, Ch.1 — Nursing
Today: Full-Spectrum Nursing).
• Incorrect (A): Limiting to acute care ignores prevention and
chronic/end-of-life roles.
• Incorrect (C): Community health is part of full-spectrum but
not its entirety.
• Incorrect (D): Full-spectrum describes scope of care, not only
advanced roles.
Teaching Point: Full-spectrum nursing covers the whole care
continuum.
3. Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — Contemporary Nursing:
Education, Regulation, and Practice
Key Concept: Educational preparation and role complexity
(mechanism: curriculum breadth → clinical reasoning
capacity)
, Question Stem: Which is most true about entry RN
educational paths? (≤65 words)
A. Only BSN-prepared nurses may sit for RN licensure.
B. ADN and BSN both qualify for RN licensure; BSN includes
broader leadership/public health content.
C. MSN is required for basic bedside nursing.
D. Diploma programs are the only route to RN practice.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): ADN and BSN graduates both may take the
NCLEX-RN for licensure; BSN programs include expanded
community, leadership, and research coursework (Capriotti,
Ch.1 — How Do Nurses’ Educational Paths Differ?).
• Incorrect (A): False — ADN graduates also sit for the NCLEX-
RN.
• Incorrect (C): MSN is for advanced practice/leadership, not
required for basic RN bedside roles.
• Incorrect (D): Diploma programs exist but are not the only
route.
Teaching Point: ADN and BSN lead to RN licensure; BSN offers
broader preparation.
4. Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — How Is Nursing Defined?
Key Concept: Nursing as integrated art and science
(mechanism: assessment → diagnosis → interventions →
outcomes)
Question Stem: Which phrase best reflects the accepted
professional definition of nursing? (≤65 words)
A. A solely technical set of tasks delegated by physicians.
B. An integrated art and science that promotes health,
prevents illness, and provides compassionate care.
Action
1. Key Concept: Environmental hygiene principles (mechanism
linking environment to infection/mortality)
Question Stem: Which principle from early nursing leaders
most directly reduced infection-related mortality in 19th-
century hospitals? (≤65 words)
A. Emphasis on patient education about chronic disease
B. Improvement of environmental sanitation and ventilation
C. Development of formal nursing licensure exams
D. Establishment of hospital billing systems
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Nightingale and contemporaries emphasized
sanitation and ventilation to reduce infection and mortality;
cleaner environments disrupt pathogen transmission
(Capriotti, Ch.1 — Historical Leaders Who Advanced the
Profession of Nursing).
• Incorrect (A): Patient education is vital but was not the
primary early intervention Nightingale used to immediately
reduce infection mortality.
• Incorrect (C): Formal licensure developed later; it improved
standards but did not immediately reduce 19th-century
infection rates.
• Incorrect (D): Billing systems affect administration, not
infection control.
Teaching Point: Environmental hygiene reduces pathogen
transmission and mortality.
, 2. Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — Nursing Today: Full-
Spectrum Nursing
Key Concept: Full-spectrum nursing continuum (mechanism:
prevention → acute → chronic → end-of-life)
Question Stem: Which statement best defines "full-spectrum
nursing"? (≤65 words)
A. Care limited to acute hospital interventions.
B. Nursing that spans prevention, acute care, chronic
management, and end-of-life care.
C. Exclusive focus on community health and prevention.
D. Nursing restricted to advanced practice roles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Full-spectrum nursing covers the continuum
from health promotion and prevention through acute,
chronic, and end-of-life care (Capriotti, Ch.1 — Nursing
Today: Full-Spectrum Nursing).
• Incorrect (A): Limiting to acute care ignores prevention and
chronic/end-of-life roles.
• Incorrect (C): Community health is part of full-spectrum but
not its entirety.
• Incorrect (D): Full-spectrum describes scope of care, not only
advanced roles.
Teaching Point: Full-spectrum nursing covers the whole care
continuum.
3. Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — Contemporary Nursing:
Education, Regulation, and Practice
Key Concept: Educational preparation and role complexity
(mechanism: curriculum breadth → clinical reasoning
capacity)
, Question Stem: Which is most true about entry RN
educational paths? (≤65 words)
A. Only BSN-prepared nurses may sit for RN licensure.
B. ADN and BSN both qualify for RN licensure; BSN includes
broader leadership/public health content.
C. MSN is required for basic bedside nursing.
D. Diploma programs are the only route to RN practice.
Correct Answer: B
Rationales
• Correct (B): ADN and BSN graduates both may take the
NCLEX-RN for licensure; BSN programs include expanded
community, leadership, and research coursework (Capriotti,
Ch.1 — How Do Nurses’ Educational Paths Differ?).
• Incorrect (A): False — ADN graduates also sit for the NCLEX-
RN.
• Incorrect (C): MSN is for advanced practice/leadership, not
required for basic RN bedside roles.
• Incorrect (D): Diploma programs exist but are not the only
route.
Teaching Point: ADN and BSN lead to RN licensure; BSN offers
broader preparation.
4. Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — How Is Nursing Defined?
Key Concept: Nursing as integrated art and science
(mechanism: assessment → diagnosis → interventions →
outcomes)
Question Stem: Which phrase best reflects the accepted
professional definition of nursing? (≤65 words)
A. A solely technical set of tasks delegated by physicians.
B. An integrated art and science that promotes health,
prevents illness, and provides compassionate care.
