Nursing EXAM 1 Questions With Complete Solutions

Which of the following is a part of the history of doctoral education in nursing? a. The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in nursing. b. The first doctoral degree (PhD) was offered at the University of Pittsburgh. c. The number of doctoral programs in nursing has doubled since 1990. d. The largest numbers of doctoral programs are practice-focused. a. The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in nursing. In 2004, the AACN proposed a new doctoral degree, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP). What is the focus of the DNP degree in nursing? a. Nursing research b. Nursing quality improvement c. Advanced clinical practice d. Nursing theory development c. Advanced clinical practice Which of the following is the primary distinction between licensure and certification? a. Certification is required to practice nursing. b. Licensure is granted automatically on completion of an accredited nursing program. c. Certification validates a high level of proficiency. d. Licensure is voluntary. c. Certification validates a high level of proficiency. The purpose of mandatory continuing education for license renewal is to a. ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge. b. ensure that nurses remain competent in psychomotor skills. c. ensure that nurses attend regular staff development meetings. d. ensure consistency between states regarding continuing education requirements. a. ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge. Florence Nightingale established a school of nursing based on which of the following innovative principles? (Select all that apply.) a. The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but independent of it. b. Professional nurses should be paid for their instruction in the school. c. Students should be selected to create a diverse student body. d. The curriculum should include theory and practical experience. e. Nurses should be trained in privately funded educational institutions. a. The nursing school should be affiliated with a teaching hospital but independent of it. b. Professional nurses should be paid for their instruction in the school. d. The curriculum should include theory and practical experience. Why is accreditation of nursing education programs is important? (Select all that apply.) a. It assures students that their educational program is offering quality education. b. Acceptance into graduate programs in nursing depends on graduation from an accredited program. c. It serves as stimulus for programs to initiate periodic self-examination and self-improvement. d. It has established standards to allow graduates to take licensure examinations. e. Graduating from an accredited program ensures successful completion of the licensure exam. a. It assures students that their educational program is offering quality education. b. Acceptance into graduate programs in nursing depends on graduation from an accredited program. c. It serves as stimulus for programs to initiate periodic self-examination and self-improvement. Which factors contribute to threatening the current and future supply of nurses? (Select all that apply.) a. The number of qualified applicants has decreased. b. Seventy-five percent of current faculty may retire over the next decade. c. Overall numbers of applicants to doctoral programs has decreased. d. Faculty vacancies are having an impact on large numbers of schools. e. More men are entering nursing and choosing faculty positions. b. Seventy-five percent of current faculty may retire over the next decade. d. Faculty vacancies are having an impact on large numbers of schools. Over the last two decades a number of organizations issued reports identifying changes needed in nursing education to prepare nurses for practice in the 21st century. Which of the following suggestions were included in these reports? (Select all that apply.) a. Recruitment of students and faculty to reflect the multicultural nature of society b. More focus on knowledge and skills to care for acutely ill individuals c. Increased informatics training to improve access to information d. Limiting discussion of the quality improvement measures in the health care system e. Curricula emphasizing interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration a. Recruitment of students and faculty to reflect the multicultural nature of society c. Increased informatics training to improve access to information e. Curricula emphasizing interdisciplinary teamwork and collaboration The discovery of oxygen would be called pure science because this information a. was obtained for the sake of obtaining new knowledge of the world. b. had an immediate use for humans. c. would be useful in curing, managing, or preventing disease. d. could direct further research at the bedside. a. was obtained for the sake of obtaining new knowledge of the world. What is meant by the term "evidence-based practice"? a. Using nursing research findings to develop nursing theory b. Integrating the research process into nursing administration c. Studying research from the social sciences and applying it to practice d. Applying research findings; patient care data, preferences, and values; and nursing expertise to nursing practice d. Applying research findings; patient care data, preferences, and values; and nursing expertise to nursing practice To build the body of knowledge of nursing, a problem amenable to study should be a. able to ensure participants that the intervention is a "good idea." b. based on published research findings and fit logically with what is already known. c. an original area of study never researched previously. d. able to produce results that are applicable to a variety of situations. b. based on published research findings and fit logically with what is already known. Which of the following is not a necessary step in the research process? a. Review of the literature b. Review of best practice guidelines c. Design of the study d. Dissemination of results b. Review of best practice guidelines Which of the following are the three most common sources of research questions? a. Study of clinical problems, anecdotal stories, requests by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) b. Requests by drug companies, doctoral students, review of the literature c. Clinical problems, replication of prior research, testing nursing theory d. Review of existing research, NIH grants, request by state board of nursing c. Clinical problems, replication of prior research, testing nursing theory Which of the following is an example of a research question based on a clinical problem? a. Published observations of a nurse who practiced many years in elder care b. Nursing intuition about what measures are most useful with anxious patients before surgery c. Stories of a flight nurse's experiences with posttraumatic stress disorder d. Relationship between hours of bright light and irritability of preterm infants d. Relationship between hours of bright light and irritability of preterm infants A nursing manager wants the unit staff to become more involved in research. The staff nurses say they are not qualified to conduct research. Which response by the manager is best? a. "You need a basic understanding of the research process because you should be good consumers of research." b. "At the staff nurse level, you can assist with clinical studies by doing data collection." c. "A baccalaureate-prepared nurse should be able to design simple studies." d. "If we all work on this together, we can design and implement good research studies." a. "You need a basic understanding of the research process because you should be good consumers of research." An intensive care unit (ICU) nurse notices that patients seem to have more normal vital signs when they are being visited by their family members, especially when the visitors seem to be more "caring." However, the hospital has strict visiting hours of 10 minutes every other hour. What would be the most appropriate research question to ask at this time? a. What is patient and family satisfaction with visitation time? b. What is the relationship between length of visitation and vital signs? c. What are the vital signs of ICU patients when visited by caring visitors in comparison with when they are alone? d. Do ICU patients have vital signs in the normal range more frequently when they are being visited by family members? d. Do ICU patients have vital signs in the normal range more frequently when they are being visited by family members? Which research design has the goal of determining a cause-and-effect relationship? a. Experimental design b. Nonexperimental design c. Pure research d. Applied research a. Experimental design Which research design would be used to determine the relationship between self-concept, physical fitness, and health habits in school-aged children? a. Experimental design b. Nonexperimental design c. Applied research design d. Pretest and posttest design b. Nonexperimental design Which research design should be used to determine whether there is a difference in the effectiveness of two preoperative preparation methods on length of stay? a. Survey design b. Experimental design c. Nonexperimental design d. Descriptive comparison design Experimental design For data collection to be valid, what must occur? a. The tool must be thorough. b. The tool must be unbiased. c. The tool must measure what it is supposed to measure. d. The tool must be accurate all of the time. c. The tool must measure what it is supposed to measure. A data collection protocol calls for a questionnaire to be administered to patients having knee replacement surgery after the third physical therapy appointment. Errors can be introduced into the study by a. giving the questionnaire to all participants. b. reading the questionnaire to the participants with poor reading skills. c. giving the questionnaire to all participants when they arrive for their appointment. d. giving the questionnaire to the participants after the appointment to be completed while they have a snack. c. giving the questionnaire to all participants when they arrive for their appointment. Which of the following must be included in the informed consent in research? a. Participants relinquish the right to privacy. b.Once participants agree to participate, they must complete the study. c. Participants need to know the funding source for the research. d. Participants must be informed of risks associated with participation. d. Participants must be informed of risks associated with participation. What body has been established to protect participants of research? a. Institutional review board b. State board of nursing c. Nursing research board d. Peer review panel a. Institutional review board