CHT Exam Modalities 2025/2026 | 100+ Verified Questions on Thermotherapy, Ultrasound, E-Stim, Iontophoresis, Cryotherapy & Electrodiagnostics

This updated and in-depth exam prep document contains 100+ graded and fully solved questions specifically tailored to the Modalities section of the Certified Hand Therapist (CHT) Exam for 2025/2026. It serves as a specialized resource for mastering the application, safety, contraindications, and therapeutic principles of physical agent modalities commonly used in hand and upper extremity rehabilitation. Covered content includes: Thermal modalities: conduction, convection, radiation, diathermy, and their therapeutic temperature ranges Cryotherapy: application guidelines, physiological effects, and precautions (e.g., cold urticaria) Ultrasound (US): 1 MHz vs 3 MHz, ERA size, BNR, phonophoresis, cavitation, and acoustic streaming Electrical stimulation (E-stim): NMES, TENS, and biofeedback applications; precautions and contraindications Iontophoresis medications: dexamethasone, acetic acid, iodine, lidocaine, zinc—matched to specific clinical conditions like inflammation, scar tissue, and infection Whirlpool, paraffin, fluido, and pneumatic compression pump safety and optimal use conditions Strength-duration testing concepts (rheobase and chronaxie) used in electrodiagnostics This material is ideal for: Candidates preparing for the CHT Exam (Certified Hand Therapist) Occupational and physical therapy students in advanced rehab programs Practicing therapists needing a refresher on clinical electrophysical agents Healthcare professionals preparing for modality competency assessments or continuing education certification Clear, practical, and evidence-based, this resource ensures you are well-prepared not only to pass the modalities section of the CHT exam but to implement these modalities safely and effectively in clinical practice. Keywords: CHT modalities, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, ultrasound therapy, phonophoresis, e-stim contraindications, iontophoresis medications, paraffin therapy, pneumatic compression, rheobase, chronaxie, NMES, TENS, diathermy, electrodiagnostics, physical agent modalities