NBDHE PHARMACOLOGY EXAM
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
-have many adverse effects including bone marrow depression leading to anemia and
thrombocytopenia, which leads to bleeding gingiva and oral ulcers
-Retrovir, AZT - Answer-tx of HIV/AIDS
-tx of oral candidiasis
-comes in tablets or aqueous suspension
-oral dose is 5ml QID for 2 weeks - Answer-Nystatin (mycostatin) (other antifungals
=clotrimazole and flucanazole)
-block peripheral nerve conduction by decreasing the sodium ion permeability of the
nerve membrane (inhibit the influx of Na ions - Answer-local anesthetics
order that nerves are affected - Answer-autonomic, temperature, pain, touch/pressure,
vibration, motor
order that nerve function is regained - Answer-motor, vibration, touch/pressure, pain,
temperature, autonomic
which nerve fibers are affected first - Answer-small unmyelinated (large myelinated =
last)
LA agents are ____ ______ and work poorly in inflamed tissues - Answer-weak bases
what is the best way to reduce the risk of systemic toxicity of la agents - Answer-
aspiration
-metabolized in the liver
-very low allergy potential
-3 "i's" - Answer-amides
-metabolized in the blood plasma
-high allergy potential
-not used as an injection - Answer-esters
-most commonly used la in dentistry
-also available as topical
-safe in pregnancy
, -medium duration
-MRD = 3mg lb - Answer-lidocaine (xylocaine)
-shorter duration
-either plain or with vasoconstrictor - Answer-mepivacaine (carbocaine)
-avoid in pts with anemia/CHF and pts taking acetaminophen - Answer-prilocaine
longest duration - Answer-bupivacaine
-4% solution
-increased risk of parasthesia especially with md block - Answer-articaine
bupivacine duration - Answer-90 mins pulpal
articaine, lidocaine, prilocaine duration - Answer-60 mins pulpal
mepivacaine duration - Answer-30 mins pulpal
-prolong and increase depth of anesthesia
-delay absorption, decreasing toxicity
-decreases hemorrhage - Answer-vasoconstrictors
MRD vasoconstrictor in healthy pt - Answer-.2mg
MRD vasoconstrictor in medically compromised pt - Answer-.04mg (about 2 cartridges)
t/f: epinephrine is not contraindicated in a patient with controlled hypertension - Answer-
true
-short term tx of anxiety and insomnia
-cns depression and sedation
-anxiety reduction and sedation
-anticonvulsant
-muscle relaxant (TMJ)
-not analgesic - Answer-antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines)
-colorless, odorless gas used for conscious sedation and anxiety reduction
-affects CNS
-works by raising the pain threshold
-excreted through exhalation
-NOT metabolized in the body
-overdose may cause nausea and vomiting - Answer-nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation
-COPD
-upper respiratory infection or stuffy nose
REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
-have many adverse effects including bone marrow depression leading to anemia and
thrombocytopenia, which leads to bleeding gingiva and oral ulcers
-Retrovir, AZT - Answer-tx of HIV/AIDS
-tx of oral candidiasis
-comes in tablets or aqueous suspension
-oral dose is 5ml QID for 2 weeks - Answer-Nystatin (mycostatin) (other antifungals
=clotrimazole and flucanazole)
-block peripheral nerve conduction by decreasing the sodium ion permeability of the
nerve membrane (inhibit the influx of Na ions - Answer-local anesthetics
order that nerves are affected - Answer-autonomic, temperature, pain, touch/pressure,
vibration, motor
order that nerve function is regained - Answer-motor, vibration, touch/pressure, pain,
temperature, autonomic
which nerve fibers are affected first - Answer-small unmyelinated (large myelinated =
last)
LA agents are ____ ______ and work poorly in inflamed tissues - Answer-weak bases
what is the best way to reduce the risk of systemic toxicity of la agents - Answer-
aspiration
-metabolized in the liver
-very low allergy potential
-3 "i's" - Answer-amides
-metabolized in the blood plasma
-high allergy potential
-not used as an injection - Answer-esters
-most commonly used la in dentistry
-also available as topical
-safe in pregnancy
, -medium duration
-MRD = 3mg lb - Answer-lidocaine (xylocaine)
-shorter duration
-either plain or with vasoconstrictor - Answer-mepivacaine (carbocaine)
-avoid in pts with anemia/CHF and pts taking acetaminophen - Answer-prilocaine
longest duration - Answer-bupivacaine
-4% solution
-increased risk of parasthesia especially with md block - Answer-articaine
bupivacine duration - Answer-90 mins pulpal
articaine, lidocaine, prilocaine duration - Answer-60 mins pulpal
mepivacaine duration - Answer-30 mins pulpal
-prolong and increase depth of anesthesia
-delay absorption, decreasing toxicity
-decreases hemorrhage - Answer-vasoconstrictors
MRD vasoconstrictor in healthy pt - Answer-.2mg
MRD vasoconstrictor in medically compromised pt - Answer-.04mg (about 2 cartridges)
t/f: epinephrine is not contraindicated in a patient with controlled hypertension - Answer-
true
-short term tx of anxiety and insomnia
-cns depression and sedation
-anxiety reduction and sedation
-anticonvulsant
-muscle relaxant (TMJ)
-not analgesic - Answer-antianxiety drugs (benzodiazepines)
-colorless, odorless gas used for conscious sedation and anxiety reduction
-affects CNS
-works by raising the pain threshold
-excreted through exhalation
-NOT metabolized in the body
-overdose may cause nausea and vomiting - Answer-nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation
-COPD
-upper respiratory infection or stuffy nose
