WGU D236 Pathophysiology Exam Rated A+ Brand New!!

WGU D236 Pathophysiology Exam Rated A+ Brand New!! Hodgkin's lymphoma - Answer- pain in neck after drinking alcohol painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin. if lymph nodes were to be swollen and sitting on top of the superior vena cava what would the symptoms be? - Answer- swelling of the face, neck, upper body lymphedema - Answer- swelling or accumulation of the fluid due to blockage in the lymphatic system often seen in pt who had them removed or cancer pt. *due to blockage lymphadenitis - Answer- enlargement in one or more lymph nodes usually due to infection *cellulitis-painful lymphadenopathy - Answer- enlarged lymph nodes that become *palpable and tender a patient was recently diagnosed with lymphoma. what type of cells does the provider know is a cancer of? - Answer- lymphocytes know the values of *Ph *PCO2 *HCO3 - Answer- 7.35-745 35-45 22-26 what is R.O.ME. - Answer- Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal pressure that is due to albumin in the bloodstream - Answer- oncotic difference between children and adult immunity - Answer- Native T Cells respiratory acidosis causes - Answer- CO2 high PH low CNS depression COPD *hypoventilation respiratory acidosis treatment - Answer- improve ventilation (intubation) admin bicarb respiratory alkalosis causes - Answer- CO2 low, PH high hyperventilation hypoxemia respiratory alkalosis treatment - Answer- CO2 rebreather mask metabolic acidosis causes - Answer- PH Low, due to HCO3 low <22 *DKA, severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock metabolic acidosis treatment - Answer- sodium bicarb metabolic alkalosis causes - Answer- PH high due to HCO3 high >26 excessive vomiting metabolic alkalosis treatment - Answer- electrolyte and fluid replacement *administer vomiting meds what happens to dehydrated pts? - Answer- ADH levels are high and RAAS is activated dehydration /fluid deficit s/s - Answer- *headache, dizziness, weakness, confusion, bad breath, dry mouth, dark urine hypoventilation - Answer- the body's carbon dioxide level rises causing the build up of acid and too little oxygen. *respiratory acidosis *equilibrium shift to right *HCO3 high *PH low hyperventilation - Answer- exhale too much carbon dioxide as a result carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is reduced and bicarb acid equilibrium shifts to the left *respiratory alkalosis *HCO3 low *PH high Hemodyalysis - Answer- takes blood out of the body via a PIV and puts it back into the body through a central line *4-6 hours a few times per week *artificial Kidney CRRT - Answer- cleanses blood in a 24 hour cycle peritoneal dialysis - Answer- does not use a machine but injects a solution of water and glucose into the abdominal cavity Sodium normal levels - Answer- 135-145 mmol/L Hyponatremia <135 Manifestations - Answer- *goes to Brain and Muscle Muscle cramps weakness fatigue abdominal cramps lethargy confusion seizures Hypernatremia >145 Manifestations - Answer- Signs of fluid deficit *Cellular Dehydration thirst headache agitation Potassium normal levels - Answer- 3.5-5.0 mEq/L essential for nerve impulses muscle contractions (heart) hypokalemia manifestations - Answer- *palpitations *diarrhea *Muscle weakness *Paresthesia (numbness/tingling) cardiac dysrhythmias Hyperkalemia manifestations - Answer- *muscle spasms *untreated acidosis muscle weakness/paralysis How can Hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? - Answer- too much can cause muscle spasms. Especially dangerous in the heart muscle, causing an irregular heart beat, which can lead to heart attack diabetes insipidus (DI) definition - Answer- A disorder of salt and water metabolism. can cause an imbalance in minerals in your blood such as Na and K+ that help maintain fluid balance in your body. diabetes insipidus (DI) symptoms - Answer- *High sodium levels *Excess water loss *BS NORMAL *Low urine output *polydipsia