2025-2026
Florence Nightengale - Answers Mother of modern nursing, Improved conditions during the
Crimean War. Believed the role of the nurse was to put the client's body in the best state to
remain free of disease or to recover from disease. She wanted to facilitate the body's reparative
processes by manipulating the client's environment.
Mary Agnes Snively - Answers Director of the nursing school at Toronto General Hospital and
one of the founders of the Canadian Nurses Association
Carper's Way of Knowing - Answers Empirical, Personal, Ethical & Aesthetic
Empirical - Answers factual, from basic and human science
Personal - Answers through reflection and reflective practice; empathy
Ethical - Answers what is right and ought to be done; moral compass
Aesthetic - Answers caring, relational, bein with the other; enables a profound understanding
CNA - Answers Canadian Nurses Association
Professional issues, health policy and advocacy. Lead regulation of the public interest, Not for
Profit
CASN - Answers Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing
Offers legal advice and support, risk management, professional liability protection
CARNA - Answers College & Association of Registered Nurses of Alberta
Serve to protect the public by regulating the profession
HPA - Answers Health Practitioner's Association
Health Profession's Act - Answers - lays out scope of practice for all health care professionals
- how your profession is governed
- registration
- continuing competence
Professional College - Answers govern and regulate the practice of their members in order to
protect and serve public interest
Standard's of Practice - Answers direct how services should be provided (professionalism)
, Scope of Practice - Answers focus on direct care of clients, knowledge, and application,
interventions that nurses are authorized, educated, supported by employer policy and
competent to perform.
4 Domains of Scope of Practice (CARE) - Answers Clinical, Administration, Education, Research
Continuing Competence - Answers practice reflection, professional development and
competence assessment
Jurisprudence - Answers the law as it relates to the practice of nursing.
Regulatory Body - Answers Oversight and establishment of roles, education, entry into
profession, scope of practice, standards of practice, complaints, discipline.
CARNA logo - Answers logo embodies collaborative, dual mandate and organization
9 Entry Level Competencies (ELC) - Answers Clinician, Professional, Communicator,
Collaborator, Coordinator, Leader, Advocator, Educator, Scholar
Nursing Practice Standards - Answers 1. Responsibility & Accountability
2. Knowledge
3. Ethical Practice
4. Provision of Service to public
5. Self Regulation
Fitness to Practice - Answers the ability of the nurse to engage/physical and mental ability
Hospital Schools - Answers - students PROVIDED NURSING CARE in exchange for education
and costs of living
- Financial benefit to the hospital
- Poor living conditions for students
- Education of questionable quality
St. Catherine's Training School - Answers 1st Nursing Diploma School
Mary Agnes Snively - Answers Formed CNA of trained nurses, formally CNA in 1924
Also founded ICN
1st Uni Nursing Program in Canada - Answers UBC
Metaparadigm of Nursing - Answers person, environment, health, nursing