PVCC PSY 230 Midterm Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
A cohort is a... - CORRECT ANSWER -group of people born around the same time in
same place
continuous change - CORRECT ANSWER -quantitative, gradual, builds on itself, ex:
height
discontinuous - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs in distinct stages, qualitative, ex: cognition
nature - CORRECT ANSWER -traits, abilities, capacities that are inherited
nurture - CORRECT ANSWER -environmental influences that shape nature
critical periods - CORRECT ANSWER -absence of certain influences will produce
irreversible consequences
sensitive periods - CORRECT ANSWER -later experiences can overcome earlier deficits
the 4 key debates - CORRECT ANSWER -continuous vs discontinuous, nature vs nurture,
critical vs sensitive, lifespan vs particular periods
psychodynamic theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Freud, behavior is motivated by inner
forces
psychosocial theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Erikson, changes in our interactions and
understanding of others and self
, behavioral perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -Watson, people are affected by the
environment to which they are exposed; observable behavior/outside stimuli is motivator
classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER -associating a neutral stimulus with a
response that normally wouldn't bring about that reaction (ie the dog drooling when he hears/sees
the bell...he associates it with meat)
operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER -learning in which a voluntary response is
strengthened or weakened depending on consequence (ie people work harder for good grades
and more money)
humanistic perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -Rogers, people have the natural capacity
to make decisions and control their behaviors
contextual perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -Vygotsky; development can't be properly
viewed without seeing physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds
independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER -manipulated by scientists/researchers
dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER -controlled by scientist/researchers; measured
to see the changes
longitudinal studies - CORRECT ANSWER -follow participants over course of several
years
cross-sectional research - CORRECT ANSWER -people of different ages are studied at
the same time
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER -underlying combination of genetic material
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
A cohort is a... - CORRECT ANSWER -group of people born around the same time in
same place
continuous change - CORRECT ANSWER -quantitative, gradual, builds on itself, ex:
height
discontinuous - CORRECT ANSWER -occurs in distinct stages, qualitative, ex: cognition
nature - CORRECT ANSWER -traits, abilities, capacities that are inherited
nurture - CORRECT ANSWER -environmental influences that shape nature
critical periods - CORRECT ANSWER -absence of certain influences will produce
irreversible consequences
sensitive periods - CORRECT ANSWER -later experiences can overcome earlier deficits
the 4 key debates - CORRECT ANSWER -continuous vs discontinuous, nature vs nurture,
critical vs sensitive, lifespan vs particular periods
psychodynamic theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Freud, behavior is motivated by inner
forces
psychosocial theory - CORRECT ANSWER -Erikson, changes in our interactions and
understanding of others and self
, behavioral perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -Watson, people are affected by the
environment to which they are exposed; observable behavior/outside stimuli is motivator
classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER -associating a neutral stimulus with a
response that normally wouldn't bring about that reaction (ie the dog drooling when he hears/sees
the bell...he associates it with meat)
operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER -learning in which a voluntary response is
strengthened or weakened depending on consequence (ie people work harder for good grades
and more money)
humanistic perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -Rogers, people have the natural capacity
to make decisions and control their behaviors
contextual perspective - CORRECT ANSWER -Vygotsky; development can't be properly
viewed without seeing physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds
independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER -manipulated by scientists/researchers
dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER -controlled by scientist/researchers; measured
to see the changes
longitudinal studies - CORRECT ANSWER -follow participants over course of several
years
cross-sectional research - CORRECT ANSWER -people of different ages are studied at
the same time
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER -underlying combination of genetic material
