2 5
.
: The Periodic Table
1
+ 1 hydrogel 18
(a(ka(i)
(noble gasses)
1
"He
~
i
2
1
↓hydreal towi
. 008
1
15 16 14 *
hydrogen
13 14 nee
4)
Y symbol
· metal liquid (prictogens) khalogens s inalogens
>
3
i
5 6
· met alloid
i
gas
tomise
↳e
or .
1 008
a
IE hydrogen * non me + al solid
P 012
.
name <
bery Ilium
19 12 1 18
3ue
Na Mg Av
You
S
24 . 31
po
i
S
ll
magnesive 3 4 6 ↑ & ↑ 10
- 21
1P 20 22 23 24 2 5 24
33
o
↳ 36
K Casc
·
4 Kr
I 1 .
10
potassium kryp + 01
=
I
i
34 45 46 4 54
F
-
Rb Rh
-
Xe -
⑳
3 -
-
· rhodium
55 & & 88
i
Pt
r cesium
Lu *
1P5 (
.
cop
8 108109 112 -p
& Y M+ DS Rg
[216]
V · eitherium darative voive unun trium
# D I D
waigroup =
5
transition
58 Sp60
metals
62 636463666
main group elements
·
11
* La
ran + hanides
↳
8P 100 101 102 103
actinides **
=>
I ↑
inter transition metals
radirs
*
weight
- I
↑
onlyweamet
me + al
nor al
·· Non metal
covale I t
Iow
1onme + al
electron
Structure n :
. · ·
Malleable
·
hard to break gas , liquid , soft solid
mmm #
mmm
A
·
00
· ·
nardness
+
·
i
=>
solubility many di ssolve no no many dissolve
more e = less soluble
solutions conducts dry 10 no
· - ·
·:
·3
·
·
· 80
Coulombs law
E =
k9-9
·
, UNIT 1 : HEALTH cheatsheet
Definitions
identity of element
meow close y
Ion : charged atom cation :
pawsitive Atomic#(2) =
#proton mass # :
proton + neutron
y doesn't effect charge I gaine
Isotope : #neutron changes anion :
negative aug mass = [ (fractional abundance isotopic mass)
↑ - oni C solids Metallic Solids Molecular covalent Extended Covalent
What : charged
metal
=
+ nonmetal
neutral solid
weltpoint
high
in what obs weltpoint
metals varies
% o
what :
non metals
mel + point
10 W ·What als
mel + point
high ·
Ex solubility Ex solubility Ex Ex solubility
solubility
NaC many FC 10 la + ex , CO2 many diamond 10
hardness conduc + S hardness conduc + S hardness conduc + S hardness conduc + S
malleable
brittle in solution yes Soft ro hard ro
only IMFs hold strong covalent bonds
molecules tog hold molecules too
Periodic Trends :
factor trend increasing
-
·
mass > Ratio : How
2 eff : inner e Bonding many bonds an atom prefers
ea
radius
repel valence 1 : 1 1: (
1 2
HOLI
shii
- reactivity
me + al
suggestion not rule
reactivity
-
101me + a) Noble gas envy
: want full octet Lewis structures
proton e
z
metals are electropositive 1 count valence e
neutron
⑳
1 612 1 614 00041 , loseI to look like o -4e wants to
2
. arrange
0.
a mu
non-i w/ bond btwn
.
preceding noble g a s one
.
leave to octet
Yuit ge 1 + O 3 =
nonmetals are electronegative . Add H's
3 following HONC1234
·was A
coulombs law : far dist gain e to look like row 3+ has
~ 4.
= less force
noble gas in it'srow Add lone pairs/double bonds * expanded octets
electronegativity : ability Dipoles : e- in a bond like to
polarity : dipoles that don't cancel create
~
hang nearmostelectronegativea
to attract e F
pole wi +
/-semi-charge not fullion charge
H add arrows to see if polar ↑ don't cancel polar
I I I
Resonance : molecule Bond Order :
avg #bond Formal charge :
can
Effective Formal Charge :
For non-resonance just -
# val-#bond-#e
be drawn multiple ways count #e consider resonance
Oxygen : 6 val e-
equal prob of each resonant
For resonance
:
i
. . .
I
1 = # resonants n =# resonants
& /Formal
6
(
~
charge
-
(# bond -
~
6 =
2 -
4
isomer : same molecule diff structures(2) + (1) 5 (1) 4/3 + = 6 -
1 -
6 = -
1
& (0) 5) + -
1) +
j) -
1) = -
0 66
.
Molecular Geometry
I I
Dorie
=
s just attraction
e
2 3 4 IMF : Between Molecules (NOT BONDS)
Real Gases Ideal gas region :
in
sur face area more electrons =
~ 1800 more
100
O =
Stronger ID-ID Stronger ID-ID
1000
Interact Stick tog X · ⑧ 17 O
·
&
attract
etranra
linear
~ X + D
volume planar
pressure ↑ attract
PVes
p
I+
+/vis
↓ temp
(p ,
/
Dipole-dipole : p
g
gas law RT
-
--
-
electron
↑
given geometries
· don or
"H + N
-
matters
of particles
when Lots
&
however
oo small
once you get small
while Vreal has volume of
Videal can be
particles
bent ↳ ·
hydrogen bond
:
,
O , F
acceptor
+ + ers Since real gas stick they hit
(w/ lone pairs)
ma when
~ & sides less Plreal) = plideal - I-D : lon +
Dipole
:
strong IMFS
,
2
-
Ideal gas are good for In flexible container : VrealVideal (clumping induced-dipole : instantaneous shift
approx gases wi weak
be nt of e-causes weak attraction force
IMF and small particles and
high temp and large volume
.
: The Periodic Table
1
+ 1 hydrogel 18
(a(ka(i)
(noble gasses)
1
"He
~
i
2
1
↓hydreal towi
. 008
1
15 16 14 *
hydrogen
13 14 nee
4)
Y symbol
· metal liquid (prictogens) khalogens s inalogens
>
3
i
5 6
· met alloid
i
gas
tomise
↳e
or .
1 008
a
IE hydrogen * non me + al solid
P 012
.
name <
bery Ilium
19 12 1 18
3ue
Na Mg Av
You
S
24 . 31
po
i
S
ll
magnesive 3 4 6 ↑ & ↑ 10
- 21
1P 20 22 23 24 2 5 24
33
o
↳ 36
K Casc
·
4 Kr
I 1 .
10
potassium kryp + 01
=
I
i
34 45 46 4 54
F
-
Rb Rh
-
Xe -
⑳
3 -
-
· rhodium
55 & & 88
i
Pt
r cesium
Lu *
1P5 (
.
cop
8 108109 112 -p
& Y M+ DS Rg
[216]
V · eitherium darative voive unun trium
# D I D
waigroup =
5
transition
58 Sp60
metals
62 636463666
main group elements
·
11
* La
ran + hanides
↳
8P 100 101 102 103
actinides **
=>
I ↑
inter transition metals
radirs
*
weight
- I
↑
onlyweamet
me + al
nor al
·· Non metal
covale I t
Iow
1onme + al
electron
Structure n :
. · ·
Malleable
·
hard to break gas , liquid , soft solid
mmm #
mmm
A
·
00
· ·
nardness
+
·
i
=>
solubility many di ssolve no no many dissolve
more e = less soluble
solutions conducts dry 10 no
· - ·
·:
·3
·
·
· 80
Coulombs law
E =
k9-9
·
, UNIT 1 : HEALTH cheatsheet
Definitions
identity of element
meow close y
Ion : charged atom cation :
pawsitive Atomic#(2) =
#proton mass # :
proton + neutron
y doesn't effect charge I gaine
Isotope : #neutron changes anion :
negative aug mass = [ (fractional abundance isotopic mass)
↑ - oni C solids Metallic Solids Molecular covalent Extended Covalent
What : charged
metal
=
+ nonmetal
neutral solid
weltpoint
high
in what obs weltpoint
metals varies
% o
what :
non metals
mel + point
10 W ·What als
mel + point
high ·
Ex solubility Ex solubility Ex Ex solubility
solubility
NaC many FC 10 la + ex , CO2 many diamond 10
hardness conduc + S hardness conduc + S hardness conduc + S hardness conduc + S
malleable
brittle in solution yes Soft ro hard ro
only IMFs hold strong covalent bonds
molecules tog hold molecules too
Periodic Trends :
factor trend increasing
-
·
mass > Ratio : How
2 eff : inner e Bonding many bonds an atom prefers
ea
radius
repel valence 1 : 1 1: (
1 2
HOLI
shii
- reactivity
me + al
suggestion not rule
reactivity
-
101me + a) Noble gas envy
: want full octet Lewis structures
proton e
z
metals are electropositive 1 count valence e
neutron
⑳
1 612 1 614 00041 , loseI to look like o -4e wants to
2
. arrange
0.
a mu
non-i w/ bond btwn
.
preceding noble g a s one
.
leave to octet
Yuit ge 1 + O 3 =
nonmetals are electronegative . Add H's
3 following HONC1234
·was A
coulombs law : far dist gain e to look like row 3+ has
~ 4.
= less force
noble gas in it'srow Add lone pairs/double bonds * expanded octets
electronegativity : ability Dipoles : e- in a bond like to
polarity : dipoles that don't cancel create
~
hang nearmostelectronegativea
to attract e F
pole wi +
/-semi-charge not fullion charge
H add arrows to see if polar ↑ don't cancel polar
I I I
Resonance : molecule Bond Order :
avg #bond Formal charge :
can
Effective Formal Charge :
For non-resonance just -
# val-#bond-#e
be drawn multiple ways count #e consider resonance
Oxygen : 6 val e-
equal prob of each resonant
For resonance
:
i
. . .
I
1 = # resonants n =# resonants
& /Formal
6
(
~
charge
-
(# bond -
~
6 =
2 -
4
isomer : same molecule diff structures(2) + (1) 5 (1) 4/3 + = 6 -
1 -
6 = -
1
& (0) 5) + -
1) +
j) -
1) = -
0 66
.
Molecular Geometry
I I
Dorie
=
s just attraction
e
2 3 4 IMF : Between Molecules (NOT BONDS)
Real Gases Ideal gas region :
in
sur face area more electrons =
~ 1800 more
100
O =
Stronger ID-ID Stronger ID-ID
1000
Interact Stick tog X · ⑧ 17 O
·
&
attract
etranra
linear
~ X + D
volume planar
pressure ↑ attract
PVes
p
I+
+/vis
↓ temp
(p ,
/
Dipole-dipole : p
g
gas law RT
-
--
-
electron
↑
given geometries
· don or
"H + N
-
matters
of particles
when Lots
&
however
oo small
once you get small
while Vreal has volume of
Videal can be
particles
bent ↳ ·
hydrogen bond
:
,
O , F
acceptor
+ + ers Since real gas stick they hit
(w/ lone pairs)
ma when
~ & sides less Plreal) = plideal - I-D : lon +
Dipole
:
strong IMFS
,
2
-
Ideal gas are good for In flexible container : VrealVideal (clumping induced-dipole : instantaneous shift
approx gases wi weak
be nt of e-causes weak attraction force
IMF and small particles and
high temp and large volume
