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NU629
EXAM 2: NU629/ NU629(Latest Update )
Advanced Health Promotion & Disease Prevention.
Grade A.
Promoters - ANS Elements that initiate transcription.
Enhancers - ANS Increase the likelihood of transcription.
Transcription factors - ANS Proteins that regulate gene expression.
Epigenetics - ANS e.g., DNA methylation.
Mitosis - ANS Somatic cell division → 2 identical daughter cells.
Meiosis - ANS Germ cell division → 4 non-identical daughter cells.
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Karyotype - ANS Visual representation of chromosomes used for detecting
genetic disorders.
Genotype - ANS Genetic makeup.
Phenotype - ANS Observable traits influenced by genotype.
Carrier Concept - ANS Individual with one copy of a recessive allele (may not
show symptoms but can pass on the trait).
Autosomal Dominant - ANS 50% chance of passing (e.g., Huntington's).
Autosomal Recessive - ANS 25% chance (e.g., Cystic Fibrosis).
X-linked Dominant - ANS Affects both males and females, but females less
severe (e.g., Rett Syndrome).
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X-linked Recessive - ANS More common in males (e.g., Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy).
Multifactorial Disorders - ANS Caused by genetic and environmental factors
(e.g., heart disease).
Single-Gene Disorders - ANS Caused by mutations in one gene.
Deletion - ANS Loss of a chromosome part (e.g., Cri-du-chat syndrome).
Duplication - ANS Extra chromosome material.
Inversion - ANS Reversed chromosome segment.
Teratogens - ANS Avoid teratogens (e.g., alcohol, certain drugs, folic acid
deficiency) to prevent birth defects.
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Prenatal Diagnosis Methods - ANS Ultrasound, amniocentesis, chorionic
villus sampling, and genetic testing.
Genetic Silencing - ANS Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation can
silence genes, leading to disorders.
Down Syndrome - ANS Trisomy 21, cognitive impairment, heart defects.
Turner Syndrome - ANS Monosomy X, short stature, infertility.
Tay-Sachs - ANS Autosomal recessive, neurodegeneration.
Cystic Fibrosis - ANS Mutation in CFTR gene, thick mucus production.
Marfan Syndrome - ANS Connective tissue disorder, tall stature,
cardiovascular problems.
NU629
NU629
EXAM 2: NU629/ NU629(Latest Update )
Advanced Health Promotion & Disease Prevention.
Grade A.
Promoters - ANS Elements that initiate transcription.
Enhancers - ANS Increase the likelihood of transcription.
Transcription factors - ANS Proteins that regulate gene expression.
Epigenetics - ANS e.g., DNA methylation.
Mitosis - ANS Somatic cell division → 2 identical daughter cells.
Meiosis - ANS Germ cell division → 4 non-identical daughter cells.
NU629
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NU629
Karyotype - ANS Visual representation of chromosomes used for detecting
genetic disorders.
Genotype - ANS Genetic makeup.
Phenotype - ANS Observable traits influenced by genotype.
Carrier Concept - ANS Individual with one copy of a recessive allele (may not
show symptoms but can pass on the trait).
Autosomal Dominant - ANS 50% chance of passing (e.g., Huntington's).
Autosomal Recessive - ANS 25% chance (e.g., Cystic Fibrosis).
X-linked Dominant - ANS Affects both males and females, but females less
severe (e.g., Rett Syndrome).
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NU629
X-linked Recessive - ANS More common in males (e.g., Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy).
Multifactorial Disorders - ANS Caused by genetic and environmental factors
(e.g., heart disease).
Single-Gene Disorders - ANS Caused by mutations in one gene.
Deletion - ANS Loss of a chromosome part (e.g., Cri-du-chat syndrome).
Duplication - ANS Extra chromosome material.
Inversion - ANS Reversed chromosome segment.
Teratogens - ANS Avoid teratogens (e.g., alcohol, certain drugs, folic acid
deficiency) to prevent birth defects.
NU629
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NU629
Prenatal Diagnosis Methods - ANS Ultrasound, amniocentesis, chorionic
villus sampling, and genetic testing.
Genetic Silencing - ANS Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation can
silence genes, leading to disorders.
Down Syndrome - ANS Trisomy 21, cognitive impairment, heart defects.
Turner Syndrome - ANS Monosomy X, short stature, infertility.
Tay-Sachs - ANS Autosomal recessive, neurodegeneration.
Cystic Fibrosis - ANS Mutation in CFTR gene, thick mucus production.
Marfan Syndrome - ANS Connective tissue disorder, tall stature,
cardiovascular problems.
NU629
