ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM NUR 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY / COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM / 150+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS / 2025/2026

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM NUR 6501 WALDEN UNIVERSITY / COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM / 150+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS / 2025/2026 A 4-year-old child appears listless for the last week. He complains of pain when he is picked up by his mother, and he is irritable when touching his arms or legs. Several large ecchymotic lesions have appeared on his right thigh and left shoulder. A complete blood count reveals a HgB=10.2, Hct=30.5%, MCV=96fL, platelet count of 45,000/ML, and WBC count of 13,990/ML. Examination of the peripheral blood smear reveals numerous blasts. The blasts lack peroxidase-positive granules but do contain periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive aggregates and stain positively for TdT. Flow cytometry shows the phenotype of blasts to be CD19+, CD3-, and sIg-. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) B. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) C. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) D. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) - Correct Answer Acute lymphblastic leukemia A 3-year-old child of Italian ancestry presents with failure to thrive. Physical examination indicates hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin concentration is 6 g/dL, and the peripheral blood smear reveals severely hypochromic microcytic red cells. Total serum iron level is normal. The reticulocyte count is 10%. Hemoglobin electrophoresis shows very little hemoglobin A. A radiograph of the skull shows maxillofacial deformities. What is the principle cause of anemia and other abnormalities in this patient? A. Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F B. Reduced red blood cell survival from imbalance in the production of alpha and beta globin chains C. Relative deficiency of vitamin B12 D. Increased fragility of the erythrocyte membrane - Correct Answer Reduced synthesis of hemoglobin F