INTRO TO PA EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When were universal precautions introduced and why? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1987 by CDC
-Barrier protection
-Don't recap needles
-Driven by HIV discovery
What are universal precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A method of exposure control in which all
human and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and other
blood borne pathogens (Hep C)
How many substance exposures are there annually? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅>800,000
Globally, how many HIV infections happen in health care workers due to sharps exposures per year? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1,000
Which patients should universal precautions be taken with? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅All patients
Which body fluids do universal precautions apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Blood
-Vaginal secretions
-Synovial fluid
-Cerebrospinal fluid
-Pleural fluid
-Peritoneal fluid
-Pericardial fluid
-Amniotic fluid
-Semen
-Any fluid visible with blood
Which body fluids do universal precautions NOT apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Feces
,-Nasal secretions
-Sputum
-Sweat
-Tears
-Urine
-Vomitus
-Saliva
-Exceptions for dental procedures due to blood
Which body fluids do standard precautions apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Feces
-Nasal secretions
-Sputum
-Tears
-Urine
-Vomitus
-Saliva
-Exceptions for dental procedures due to blood
(NOT SWEAT)
What are universal precautions for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-HIV, HBV, HCV
-Other blood borne pathogens
-All blood
-Certain body fluids
What are standard precautions for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-All pathogens
-Blood
-All body fluids/excretions (except sweat)
-Non-intact skin
-Mucous membranes
,-Air-borne precaustions
-Droplet precautions
-Contact precautions
What methods are included in universal precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Protective barriers
-Work practice controls
-Waste management
What methods are included in standard precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Hand hygiene
-PPE
-Respiratory hygiene
-Cough etiquette
-Safe injection practice
-Masks for insertion of catheters or LP's
-Waste management
-Environmental cleaning
-Laundry handling
-Patient placement
Universal precautions call for you to do what five things? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1) Always use
precautions with body fluids
2) Wash your hands
3) Handle sharp objects carefully and use impermeable containers
4) Dispose of all spills/infectious waste properly
5) Report all incidents
What items are considered PPE and why would you use them? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gloves, masks,
face shields, gowns, etc
-Prevents exposure to body fluids
, What does the type of PPE used depend on? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Circumstances with patient
-Surgery, ER, Office settings
What five things should you remember for hand washing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1) Use soap and
water
2) Wash before and after patient contact
3) Wash after specimen contact, soiled linen, or contaminated surface contact
-Wash after contact with any body substances
-Antiseptic/antibacterial hand scrub or alcohol based cleaner may be used (not for C. Diff)
What happens if JCAHO sees any individual provider fail to clean their hands one time? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Your hospital will be cited and you will have to show improvement to maintain
accreditation
What are sharps? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin
-Needles
-Syringes
-Lancets
-Scalpels
-Razor blades
-Glass (slides)
Is it considered an exposure if the object is not contaminated? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅No
How should you handle sharps? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Do not recap sharps
-Place all sharps in a sharps container
What kind of safety devices are available? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Blunt needles
When were universal precautions introduced and why? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1987 by CDC
-Barrier protection
-Don't recap needles
-Driven by HIV discovery
What are universal precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A method of exposure control in which all
human and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and other
blood borne pathogens (Hep C)
How many substance exposures are there annually? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅>800,000
Globally, how many HIV infections happen in health care workers due to sharps exposures per year? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1,000
Which patients should universal precautions be taken with? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅All patients
Which body fluids do universal precautions apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Blood
-Vaginal secretions
-Synovial fluid
-Cerebrospinal fluid
-Pleural fluid
-Peritoneal fluid
-Pericardial fluid
-Amniotic fluid
-Semen
-Any fluid visible with blood
Which body fluids do universal precautions NOT apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Feces
,-Nasal secretions
-Sputum
-Sweat
-Tears
-Urine
-Vomitus
-Saliva
-Exceptions for dental procedures due to blood
Which body fluids do standard precautions apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Feces
-Nasal secretions
-Sputum
-Tears
-Urine
-Vomitus
-Saliva
-Exceptions for dental procedures due to blood
(NOT SWEAT)
What are universal precautions for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-HIV, HBV, HCV
-Other blood borne pathogens
-All blood
-Certain body fluids
What are standard precautions for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-All pathogens
-Blood
-All body fluids/excretions (except sweat)
-Non-intact skin
-Mucous membranes
,-Air-borne precaustions
-Droplet precautions
-Contact precautions
What methods are included in universal precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Protective barriers
-Work practice controls
-Waste management
What methods are included in standard precautions? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Hand hygiene
-PPE
-Respiratory hygiene
-Cough etiquette
-Safe injection practice
-Masks for insertion of catheters or LP's
-Waste management
-Environmental cleaning
-Laundry handling
-Patient placement
Universal precautions call for you to do what five things? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1) Always use
precautions with body fluids
2) Wash your hands
3) Handle sharp objects carefully and use impermeable containers
4) Dispose of all spills/infectious waste properly
5) Report all incidents
What items are considered PPE and why would you use them? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Gloves, masks,
face shields, gowns, etc
-Prevents exposure to body fluids
, What does the type of PPE used depend on? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Circumstances with patient
-Surgery, ER, Office settings
What five things should you remember for hand washing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1) Use soap and
water
2) Wash before and after patient contact
3) Wash after specimen contact, soiled linen, or contaminated surface contact
-Wash after contact with any body substances
-Antiseptic/antibacterial hand scrub or alcohol based cleaner may be used (not for C. Diff)
What happens if JCAHO sees any individual provider fail to clean their hands one time? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Your hospital will be cited and you will have to show improvement to maintain
accreditation
What are sharps? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin
-Needles
-Syringes
-Lancets
-Scalpels
-Razor blades
-Glass (slides)
Is it considered an exposure if the object is not contaminated? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅No
How should you handle sharps? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Do not recap sharps
-Place all sharps in a sharps container
What kind of safety devices are available? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Blunt needles
