BIOL 1401 Anatomy and physiology chapter 7 | 2025
Actual study | Questions and verified Answers
Chapter 7 outline
Kacey bass
Components of the skeletal system:
• Bones of skeleton
• Cartilage
• Ligaments
• Other connective tissue structures
Bones
• Primary organs of the skeletal system
• Rigid framework of body Many other functions
Types of bone:
• Compact bone
• Dense or cortical bone
• 80% of bone mass
• Spongy bone
• Cancellous or trabecular bone
• Located internal to compact bone
• Appears porous
• 20% of bone mass
Cartilage
• Semirigid connective tissue, more flexible than bone
• Types:
• Hyaline cartilage
• Attaches ribs to sternum, covers ends of some bones, within growth plates,
model for bone formation
, • Fibrocartilage
• Weight-bearing cartilage that withstands compression
• Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee
Structures composed of dense regular connective tissue
• Ligaments connect bone to bone, tendons connect muscle to bone
Chapter 7.2
Bones perform several basic functions
• Support and protection
• Levers for movement
• Hematopoiesis
• Blood cell production
• Occurs in red bone marrow
• Storage of mineral and energy reserves
• Calcium and phosphate
Long bones
• Greater in length than width; for example femur, humerus
Short bones
• Length nearly equal to width; for example carpals and tarsals
Flat bones
• Flat, thin surfaces, may be slightly curved; for example cranial bones
Irregular bones
• Elaborate, sometimes complex shapes; for example vertebrae
Regions of a long bone:
• Diaphysis
• Elongated, usually cylindrical shaft
, •
• Provides leverage and weight support
• Compact bone with thin spicules of spongy bone extending inward
• Medullary (marrow) cavity
Hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis
• Contains red bone marrow in children
• Contains yellow bone marrow in adults
• Epiphysis
• Knobby region at each end of long bone
• Proximal epiphysis
• End of the bone closest to body trunk
• Distal epiphysis
• End farthest from trunk
• Composed of
• Outer thin layer of compact bone
• Inner region of spongy bone
• Articular cartilage
• Covers the joint surface
• Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
• Reduces friction
• Absorbs shock in moveable joints
• Metaphysis
• Region where bone widens and transfers weight between the diaphysis and
epiphysis
• Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
• Located within metaphysis of a growing bone
• Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
Actual study | Questions and verified Answers
Chapter 7 outline
Kacey bass
Components of the skeletal system:
• Bones of skeleton
• Cartilage
• Ligaments
• Other connective tissue structures
Bones
• Primary organs of the skeletal system
• Rigid framework of body Many other functions
Types of bone:
• Compact bone
• Dense or cortical bone
• 80% of bone mass
• Spongy bone
• Cancellous or trabecular bone
• Located internal to compact bone
• Appears porous
• 20% of bone mass
Cartilage
• Semirigid connective tissue, more flexible than bone
• Types:
• Hyaline cartilage
• Attaches ribs to sternum, covers ends of some bones, within growth plates,
model for bone formation
, • Fibrocartilage
• Weight-bearing cartilage that withstands compression
• Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee
Structures composed of dense regular connective tissue
• Ligaments connect bone to bone, tendons connect muscle to bone
Chapter 7.2
Bones perform several basic functions
• Support and protection
• Levers for movement
• Hematopoiesis
• Blood cell production
• Occurs in red bone marrow
• Storage of mineral and energy reserves
• Calcium and phosphate
Long bones
• Greater in length than width; for example femur, humerus
Short bones
• Length nearly equal to width; for example carpals and tarsals
Flat bones
• Flat, thin surfaces, may be slightly curved; for example cranial bones
Irregular bones
• Elaborate, sometimes complex shapes; for example vertebrae
Regions of a long bone:
• Diaphysis
• Elongated, usually cylindrical shaft
, •
• Provides leverage and weight support
• Compact bone with thin spicules of spongy bone extending inward
• Medullary (marrow) cavity
Hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis
• Contains red bone marrow in children
• Contains yellow bone marrow in adults
• Epiphysis
• Knobby region at each end of long bone
• Proximal epiphysis
• End of the bone closest to body trunk
• Distal epiphysis
• End farthest from trunk
• Composed of
• Outer thin layer of compact bone
• Inner region of spongy bone
• Articular cartilage
• Covers the joint surface
• Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
• Reduces friction
• Absorbs shock in moveable joints
• Metaphysis
• Region where bone widens and transfers weight between the diaphysis and
epiphysis
• Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
• Located within metaphysis of a growing bone
• Thin layer of hyaline cartilage
