Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm and Final
Exam Actual Questions with Correct Verified
Detailed Answers latest update
,Introduction:
This document contains the complete set of actual midterm and
final exam questions for Advanced Pathophysiology, with correct
and detailed verified answers. It covers key topics such as cellular
injury, necrosis, apoptosis, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, acid-
base disturbances, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and
related pathophysiological mechanisms. The content is structured
in a clear Q&A format, making it ideal for exam preparation and
review of essential pathophysiology concepts.
Exam Questions and Answers:
chvostek --- correct answer ---Abnormal spasm of the facial
muscles in response to a light tapping of the facial nerve. Noted in
clients with hyPOcalcemia
Trousseau's sign --- correct answer ---A sign of hypocalcemia .
Carpal spasm caused by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the
client's systolic pressure and leaving it in place for 3 minutes.
pyknosis --- correct answer ---in some cells the nucleus shrinks and
becomes a small dense (clumped together) mass of genetic
material. The pyknotic nucleus eventually dissolves (by karyolysis)
,karyorrhexias --- correct answer ---a degenerative cellular process
involving fragmentation of the nucleus and the breakup of the
chromatin into unstructured granules
karyolysis --- correct answer ---nuclear dissolution and lysis of
chromatin from the action of hydrolytic enzymes. Result of the
action of hydrolytic lysosomal enzymes on DNA
Liquefactive necrosis --- correct answer ---brain infarct, bacterial
infections; wet gangrene
type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into
a liquid viscous mass.
coagulative necrosis --- correct answer ---primarily occurs in
kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands
results from hypoxia caused by severe ischemia or chemical injury
most common
usually replaced by scar/fibrous tissue
, caseous necrosis --- correct answer ---commonly results from
tuberculous pulmonary infection
combination of coagulative and liquefactive
the dead cells disintegrate but the debris is not digest completely by
hydrolases
tissues appear soft and granular and resemble clumped cheese
Fat necrosis --- correct answer ---occurs in the breast, pancreas,
and other abdominal structures
cellular dissolution caused by powerful enzymes called lipases
break down triglycerides releasing free fatty acids which combine
with calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions, creating soaps
necrotic tissue appears opaque and chalk white
Gangrenous necrosis --- correct answer ---refers to death of tissue
and results from severe hypoxic injury
commonly occurring becasuse of arteriosclerosis especially in lower
leg
with hypoxia and subsequent bacterial invasion, the tissues
undergo necrosis
Exam Actual Questions with Correct Verified
Detailed Answers latest update
,Introduction:
This document contains the complete set of actual midterm and
final exam questions for Advanced Pathophysiology, with correct
and detailed verified answers. It covers key topics such as cellular
injury, necrosis, apoptosis, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, acid-
base disturbances, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and
related pathophysiological mechanisms. The content is structured
in a clear Q&A format, making it ideal for exam preparation and
review of essential pathophysiology concepts.
Exam Questions and Answers:
chvostek --- correct answer ---Abnormal spasm of the facial
muscles in response to a light tapping of the facial nerve. Noted in
clients with hyPOcalcemia
Trousseau's sign --- correct answer ---A sign of hypocalcemia .
Carpal spasm caused by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the
client's systolic pressure and leaving it in place for 3 minutes.
pyknosis --- correct answer ---in some cells the nucleus shrinks and
becomes a small dense (clumped together) mass of genetic
material. The pyknotic nucleus eventually dissolves (by karyolysis)
,karyorrhexias --- correct answer ---a degenerative cellular process
involving fragmentation of the nucleus and the breakup of the
chromatin into unstructured granules
karyolysis --- correct answer ---nuclear dissolution and lysis of
chromatin from the action of hydrolytic enzymes. Result of the
action of hydrolytic lysosomal enzymes on DNA
Liquefactive necrosis --- correct answer ---brain infarct, bacterial
infections; wet gangrene
type of necrosis which results in a transformation of the tissue into
a liquid viscous mass.
coagulative necrosis --- correct answer ---primarily occurs in
kidneys, heart, and adrenal glands
results from hypoxia caused by severe ischemia or chemical injury
most common
usually replaced by scar/fibrous tissue
, caseous necrosis --- correct answer ---commonly results from
tuberculous pulmonary infection
combination of coagulative and liquefactive
the dead cells disintegrate but the debris is not digest completely by
hydrolases
tissues appear soft and granular and resemble clumped cheese
Fat necrosis --- correct answer ---occurs in the breast, pancreas,
and other abdominal structures
cellular dissolution caused by powerful enzymes called lipases
break down triglycerides releasing free fatty acids which combine
with calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions, creating soaps
necrotic tissue appears opaque and chalk white
Gangrenous necrosis --- correct answer ---refers to death of tissue
and results from severe hypoxic injury
commonly occurring becasuse of arteriosclerosis especially in lower
leg
with hypoxia and subsequent bacterial invasion, the tissues
undergo necrosis
