NSG 530 Exam 1 (Latest ):
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | highly
Graded A - Wilkes
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS--Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of
cell (chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS--Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled
apart
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWERS--New nuclear membrane formed around each
group of 46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWERS--Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - CORRECT ANSWERS--condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes
Triploidy - CORRECT ANSWERS--when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - CORRECT ANSWERS--euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually
does not survive
Huntington's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS--Single gene disorder (trinucleotide
repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions,
digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
, Turner syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-
affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female genitalia, usually sterile
Down syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding
tongue, epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm
of X)
Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--(XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000
male births
Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Increase in cell size
"Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at the end of the season than at
the beginning of the season"
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS--Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased amounts of estrogen"
"Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged portion"
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS--Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another, less mature cell type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified squamous
epithelium after smoking cessation"
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS--Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true
cellular adaption but rather atypical hyperplasia
"Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade depending on
how abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
-Hypertrophy (a form of anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same number
of cells and making each individual cell larger, but hyperplasia increases tissue mass by
increasing the number of cells
Advanced Pathophysiology | Questions and
Verified Answers | 100% Correct | highly
Graded A - Wilkes
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS--Centrioles pull chromosomes to opposite sides of
cell (chromatid) - 46 each side
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWERS--Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled
apart
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWERS--New nuclear membrane formed around each
group of 46 chromosomes *When it goes right, euploid cells are produced*
Nondisjunction - CORRECT ANSWERS--Error in meiosis in which homologous
chromosomes fail to separate.
Polyploidy - CORRECT ANSWERS--condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes
Triploidy - CORRECT ANSWERS--when an organism has three copies of every
chromsome instead of two
Tetrapoloidy - CORRECT ANSWERS--euploid has 92 chromosomes and fetus usually
does not survive
Huntington's disease - CORRECT ANSWERS--Single gene disorder (trinucleotide
repeat mutation)
Autosomal dominant (50% chance of passing it on)
Progressive neurologic disease with late onset (40s)
Prevention- genetic testing for pregnancy planning
Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS--Single gene disorder (CFTR gene mutation)
Autosomal recessive
Most common in white children
Defective transport of chloride ions cause salt imbalance- thickened secretions,
digestive issues, malnutrition. Males and females
Must inherit two copies of gene (1 from each parent)
, Turner syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--XO chromosomal disorder, monosomy of X-
affects females
Short stature, webbed neck, undeveloped breasts but female genitalia, usually sterile
Down syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--Chromosomal disorder, trisomy 21
Affects both sexes
Intellectual disability, poor muscle tone, low nasal bridge, low set ears, protruding
tongue, epicanthal fold
Fragile X syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--Chromosomal disorder (break in long arm
of X)
Higher prevalence in males
Intellectual disability
Klinefelter syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS--(XXY) chromosomal disorder 1:1000
male births
Male appearance, sparse body hair, mild intellectual disability
Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Decrease in cell size
"When cast is removed from left calf, it is smaller than the right calf"
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS--Increase in cell size
"Captain of roller derby team has greater thigh diameter at the end of the season than at
the beginning of the season"
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS--Increase in cell number
"Lining of uterus thickens after ovulation because of increased amounts of estrogen"
"Liver regenerates after surgical removal of damaged portion"
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS--Reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another, less mature cell type or change in cell phenotype
"Columnar epithelium in bronchi of cigarette smoker is replaced by stratified squamous
epithelium after smoking cessation"
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS--Deranged cellular growth, is not considered a true
cellular adaption but rather atypical hyperplasia
"Cells of the cervix can be classified on PAP as high grade or low grade depending on
how abnormal the cells have become in size and shape"
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
-Hypertrophy (a form of anabolism) increases tissue mass by keeping the same number
of cells and making each individual cell larger, but hyperplasia increases tissue mass by
increasing the number of cells
