Straighterline Nutrition 101 Midterm
Review Already Passed
Things that affect our food choices ✔✔flavor, texture, appearance, routines and habits, early
experiences and customs, advertising, nutrition and health concerns, social changes, economics,
physiological processes
Diet and lifestyle factors contributing to leading causes of death ✔✔poor diet and a sedentary
lifestyle
Nutrition ✔✔the science that links foods to health and disease
Carbohydrate ✔✔a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, including sugars,
starches and fibers
Protein ✔✔food and body compounds made of amino acids; proteins contain carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes other atoms, in a specific configuration
Lipids ✔✔compounds containing much carbon and hydrogen, little oxygen, and sometimes other
atoms. Lipids do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils and cholesterol
Alcohol ✔✔not a nutrient, but contains calories
Vitamins ✔✔Compounds needed in very small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support
chemical reactions in the body.
Minerals ✔✔Elements used to promote chemical reactions and form body structures
Water ✔✔The universal solvent. The body is composed of about 60%.
,Phytochemicals ✔✔Chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but that have effects on
the body.
kilocalorie (kcal) ✔✔heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree
Celsius
fiber ✔✔Substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the human
stomach or small intestine
Number of calories in one gram of fat ✔✔9
Number of calories in one gram of protein ✔✔4
Number of calories in one gram of carbohydrate ✔✔4
Number of calories in one gram of alcohol ✔✔7
Steps of the Scientific Method ✔✔Observation, hypothesis, experiment, analyze, conclusion,
publish/review
nutrients ✔✔chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of which are essential
parts of a diet
essential nutrient ✔✔a substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to signs of poor health
glucose ✔✔a six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form
Health professional recommendations ✔✔Control how much you eat
, Pay attention to what you eat: choose whole grains, fruits and vegetables
Stay physically active
Variety ✔✔Choosing foods from all the food groups and subgroups
Proportionality ✔✔eating more nutrient dense foods and less of foods high in certain types of fat,
sugars, cholesterol, salt and alcohol
Nutrient density ✔✔the ratio derived by dividing a food's nutrient content by its calorie content
Moderation ✔✔Paying attention to portion sizes and planning your day's diet so that you do not
overconsume any nutrients
Energy density ✔✔A comparison of the calorie content of a food with the weight of the food
Dietary Guidelines for Americans ✔✔General goals for nutrient intakes and diet composition set
by the USDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Five guidelines from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans ✔✔1. Follow a healthy eating pattern
across the lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.
4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.
Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans ✔✔1. Children should do 60 minutes or more of
physical activity daily, including aerobic, muscle-strengthening and bone-strengthening activity.
2. All adults should avoid inactivity. For substantial health benefits, do at least 150 minutes/week
of moderate intensity activity or 75 minutes/week of vigorous intensity activity. Also do muscle
strengthening activities on 2 or more days/week.
Review Already Passed
Things that affect our food choices ✔✔flavor, texture, appearance, routines and habits, early
experiences and customs, advertising, nutrition and health concerns, social changes, economics,
physiological processes
Diet and lifestyle factors contributing to leading causes of death ✔✔poor diet and a sedentary
lifestyle
Nutrition ✔✔the science that links foods to health and disease
Carbohydrate ✔✔a compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, including sugars,
starches and fibers
Protein ✔✔food and body compounds made of amino acids; proteins contain carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes other atoms, in a specific configuration
Lipids ✔✔compounds containing much carbon and hydrogen, little oxygen, and sometimes other
atoms. Lipids do not dissolve in water and include fats, oils and cholesterol
Alcohol ✔✔not a nutrient, but contains calories
Vitamins ✔✔Compounds needed in very small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support
chemical reactions in the body.
Minerals ✔✔Elements used to promote chemical reactions and form body structures
Water ✔✔The universal solvent. The body is composed of about 60%.
,Phytochemicals ✔✔Chemicals in plant-based foods that are not nutrients but that have effects on
the body.
kilocalorie (kcal) ✔✔heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree
Celsius
fiber ✔✔Substances in plant foods not digested by the processes that take place in the human
stomach or small intestine
Number of calories in one gram of fat ✔✔9
Number of calories in one gram of protein ✔✔4
Number of calories in one gram of carbohydrate ✔✔4
Number of calories in one gram of alcohol ✔✔7
Steps of the Scientific Method ✔✔Observation, hypothesis, experiment, analyze, conclusion,
publish/review
nutrients ✔✔chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of which are essential
parts of a diet
essential nutrient ✔✔a substance that, when left out of a diet, leads to signs of poor health
glucose ✔✔a six-carbon sugar that exists in a ring form
Health professional recommendations ✔✔Control how much you eat
, Pay attention to what you eat: choose whole grains, fruits and vegetables
Stay physically active
Variety ✔✔Choosing foods from all the food groups and subgroups
Proportionality ✔✔eating more nutrient dense foods and less of foods high in certain types of fat,
sugars, cholesterol, salt and alcohol
Nutrient density ✔✔the ratio derived by dividing a food's nutrient content by its calorie content
Moderation ✔✔Paying attention to portion sizes and planning your day's diet so that you do not
overconsume any nutrients
Energy density ✔✔A comparison of the calorie content of a food with the weight of the food
Dietary Guidelines for Americans ✔✔General goals for nutrient intakes and diet composition set
by the USDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Five guidelines from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans ✔✔1. Follow a healthy eating pattern
across the lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.
4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.
Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans ✔✔1. Children should do 60 minutes or more of
physical activity daily, including aerobic, muscle-strengthening and bone-strengthening activity.
2. All adults should avoid inactivity. For substantial health benefits, do at least 150 minutes/week
of moderate intensity activity or 75 minutes/week of vigorous intensity activity. Also do muscle
strengthening activities on 2 or more days/week.
