ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 260 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL)?
a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence
of greater than 30%lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or
blood.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As
the immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that
synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and
22 create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. -
...ANSWER...a
RATIONALE: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by
the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone
marrow or blood. None of the other options provide an
accurate description of ALL.
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML)?
,a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As
the immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that
synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and
22 creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-
ABL1.
- ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in
more than 95% of those with CML, and the presence of the
BCR-ABL1 protein is responsible for the initiation of
CML. The other options do not accurately describe CML.
Which description is consistent with chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, thegene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow andperipheral blood. As
the immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that
synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and
22 creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-
ABL. -
...ANSWER...c
,RATIONALE: CLL is derived from transformation of a
partially mature B cell that has not yet encountered antigen.
The other options do not accurately describe CLL.
Which term is used to describe a red-purple discoloration
caused by diffuse hemorrhage into the skin tissue?
a. Petechiae
b. Hematoma
c. Ecchymosis
d. Purpura - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: Diffuse hemorrhage into skin tissues that is
visible through the skin causes a red-purple discoloration
identified as a purpura. None of the other options are used to
identify this symptom.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a(n) condition in adults
and a(n) condition in children.
a. Acute; acute
b. Chronic; chronic
c. Acute; chronic
d. Chronic; acute - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: ITP may be acute or chronic. The acute
form is frequently observed in children. Chronic ITP is
more commonly observed in adults, with the highest
prevalence in women between 20 and 40 years of age.
Which statement relates to immune thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP)?
, a. ITP is formed in conditions of low flow and is made up
of mostly red cells withlarger amounts of fibrin and few
platelets.
b. An alteration of multipotent stem cells, resulting in
an excess production ofplatelets, causes ITP.
c. Mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen remove antibody-
coated platelets from circulation.
d. Arterial clots are made up of mostly platelet
aggregates held together by fibrin strands.
- ...ANSWER...ANS: C
RATIONALE:ITP involves the antigen usually forming
immune complexes with circulating antibodies, and it is
thought that the immune complexes bind to Fc receptors on
platelets, leading to their destruction in the spleen. None of
the other options are accurately related to ITP.
When the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the
supply, immature neutrophils are released indicating:
a. A shift to the right
b. A shift to the left
c. Leukocytosis
d. Leukemia - ...ANSWER...ANS: B
RATIONALE: When the demand for circulating mature
neutrophils exceeds the supply, the marrow begins to
release immature neutrophils (and other leukocytes) into the
blood. Premature release of the immature white cells is
responsible for the phenomenon known as a shift to the left
or leukemoid reaction. None of the remaining options
would be used to identify the process described.
NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 260 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL)?
a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence
of greater than 30%lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or
blood.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As
the immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that
synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and
22 create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. -
...ANSWER...a
RATIONALE: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by
the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone
marrow or blood. None of the other options provide an
accurate description of ALL.
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous
leukemia (CML)?
,a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As
the immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that
synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and
22 creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-
ABL1.
- ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in
more than 95% of those with CML, and the presence of the
BCR-ABL1 protein is responsible for the initiation of
CML. The other options do not accurately describe CML.
Which description is consistent with chronic
lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor
gene, and INK4A, thegene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory
protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells
characterize the bone marrow andperipheral blood. As
the immature blasts increase, they replace normal
myelocyticcells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that
synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and
22 creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-
ABL. -
...ANSWER...c
,RATIONALE: CLL is derived from transformation of a
partially mature B cell that has not yet encountered antigen.
The other options do not accurately describe CLL.
Which term is used to describe a red-purple discoloration
caused by diffuse hemorrhage into the skin tissue?
a. Petechiae
b. Hematoma
c. Ecchymosis
d. Purpura - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: Diffuse hemorrhage into skin tissues that is
visible through the skin causes a red-purple discoloration
identified as a purpura. None of the other options are used to
identify this symptom.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a(n) condition in adults
and a(n) condition in children.
a. Acute; acute
b. Chronic; chronic
c. Acute; chronic
d. Chronic; acute - ...ANSWER...ANS: D
RATIONALE: ITP may be acute or chronic. The acute
form is frequently observed in children. Chronic ITP is
more commonly observed in adults, with the highest
prevalence in women between 20 and 40 years of age.
Which statement relates to immune thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP)?
, a. ITP is formed in conditions of low flow and is made up
of mostly red cells withlarger amounts of fibrin and few
platelets.
b. An alteration of multipotent stem cells, resulting in
an excess production ofplatelets, causes ITP.
c. Mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen remove antibody-
coated platelets from circulation.
d. Arterial clots are made up of mostly platelet
aggregates held together by fibrin strands.
- ...ANSWER...ANS: C
RATIONALE:ITP involves the antigen usually forming
immune complexes with circulating antibodies, and it is
thought that the immune complexes bind to Fc receptors on
platelets, leading to their destruction in the spleen. None of
the other options are accurately related to ITP.
When the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the
supply, immature neutrophils are released indicating:
a. A shift to the right
b. A shift to the left
c. Leukocytosis
d. Leukemia - ...ANSWER...ANS: B
RATIONALE: When the demand for circulating mature
neutrophils exceeds the supply, the marrow begins to
release immature neutrophils (and other leukocytes) into the
blood. Premature release of the immature white cells is
responsible for the phenomenon known as a shift to the left
or leukemoid reaction. None of the remaining options
would be used to identify the process described.
