Chapters 47, 48, 49, & 51
Pharmacology (Wolters Kluwer Focus
on Nursing Pharmacology Amy M.
Karch 8th edition) Test and All Correct
Answers.
The client has been prescribed nicotinic acid for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The nurse should
teach about which common side effects with the medication?
- Fever
- Facial tics
- Drowsiness
- Flushing of the skin - Answer Flushing of the skin
A health care provider has prescribed triamterene to a male client with renal disease. The client
informs the nurse that he is taking potassium supplements to address some heart problems.
The nurse would be alert for: (Ch 51)
- Decreased diuretic effects.
- Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
- Increased risk of arrhythmias.
- Increased risk of bleeding. - Answer Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
Rationale: Potassium-sparing diuretics are not as powerful as loop diuretics, but they retain
potassium instead of wasting it. They cause a loss of sodium while promoting the retention of
potassium. The most common adverse effect of these drugs is hyperkalemia. Patients taking
these drugs need to be evaluated regularly for signals of increased potassium and informed
about the signs and symptoms to watch out for. Patients should be advised to avoid foods that
are high in potassium. (Box 51.6) (pg 901-902)
The nursing instructor is talking with a student about erythropoietin drug therapy. What is an
adverse effect of erythropoietin drug therapy that the instructor would tell the student about?
- Constipation
- Hypotension
- Depression
, - Increase intake of fatty acids.
- Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- Decrease intake of plant stanols.
- Increase intake of milk and dairy products. - Answer Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
Rationale: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors block HMG-CoA reductase from completing the
synthesis of cholesterol. This blocks the early rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cellular
cholesterol that involves the enzyme HMG-CoA. Thus, serum cholesterol and LDL levels
decrease because more LDLs are absorbed by the cells for processing into cholesterol. In
contrast, HDL levels increase slightly with this alteration in fat metabolism. (pg 821) Patients
who are taking HMG-CoA inhibitors need to be cautioned to avoid drinking grapefruit juice
while taking these drugs. Grapefruit juice alters the metabolism of the drugs, leading to an
increased risk for adverse effects, such as the potentially fatal rhabdomyolysis with renal failure.
The metabolism of the components of grapefruit juice takes about 48 hours . Since the effects
may last for several days, just drinking grapefruit juice at a different time of the day does not
protect the patient from risk. (pg 823, Box 47.7)
A 22-year-old female who has severe dysmenorrhea has been prescribed ferrous gluconate
(Fergon) to treat iron deficiency anemia. What is important for the nurse to instruct the client to
avoid when taking the drug?
- Eggs
- Pork
- Chocolate
- Whole wheat - Answer Eggs
A 22-year-old female client is seen in the primary care provider's office for a follow-up visit. Six
weeks ago she was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and has been taking the prescribed
iron supplement. She noticed that her stool has turned black. She tells the nurse she fears that
she is bleeding to death inside her belly. The nurse teaches the client about which expected
outcome? (Ch 49)
- "Iron supplements cannot cause bleeding."
- "Black stool is not a sign of internal bleeding."
- "Iron supplements may cause bleeding, but this is nothing to worry about."
- "Iron supplements can cause black or dark stools because of the iron composition." - Answer
"Iron supplements can cause black or dark stools because of the iron composition."
Rationale: The iron preparations stain the stools; the color remains as long as you are taking the
Pharmacology (Wolters Kluwer Focus
on Nursing Pharmacology Amy M.
Karch 8th edition) Test and All Correct
Answers.
The client has been prescribed nicotinic acid for treatment of hyperlipidemia. The nurse should
teach about which common side effects with the medication?
- Fever
- Facial tics
- Drowsiness
- Flushing of the skin - Answer Flushing of the skin
A health care provider has prescribed triamterene to a male client with renal disease. The client
informs the nurse that he is taking potassium supplements to address some heart problems.
The nurse would be alert for: (Ch 51)
- Decreased diuretic effects.
- Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
- Increased risk of arrhythmias.
- Increased risk of bleeding. - Answer Increased risk of hyperkalemia.
Rationale: Potassium-sparing diuretics are not as powerful as loop diuretics, but they retain
potassium instead of wasting it. They cause a loss of sodium while promoting the retention of
potassium. The most common adverse effect of these drugs is hyperkalemia. Patients taking
these drugs need to be evaluated regularly for signals of increased potassium and informed
about the signs and symptoms to watch out for. Patients should be advised to avoid foods that
are high in potassium. (Box 51.6) (pg 901-902)
The nursing instructor is talking with a student about erythropoietin drug therapy. What is an
adverse effect of erythropoietin drug therapy that the instructor would tell the student about?
- Constipation
- Hypotension
- Depression
, - Increase intake of fatty acids.
- Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- Decrease intake of plant stanols.
- Increase intake of milk and dairy products. - Answer Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
Rationale: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors block HMG-CoA reductase from completing the
synthesis of cholesterol. This blocks the early rate-limiting step in the synthesis of cellular
cholesterol that involves the enzyme HMG-CoA. Thus, serum cholesterol and LDL levels
decrease because more LDLs are absorbed by the cells for processing into cholesterol. In
contrast, HDL levels increase slightly with this alteration in fat metabolism. (pg 821) Patients
who are taking HMG-CoA inhibitors need to be cautioned to avoid drinking grapefruit juice
while taking these drugs. Grapefruit juice alters the metabolism of the drugs, leading to an
increased risk for adverse effects, such as the potentially fatal rhabdomyolysis with renal failure.
The metabolism of the components of grapefruit juice takes about 48 hours . Since the effects
may last for several days, just drinking grapefruit juice at a different time of the day does not
protect the patient from risk. (pg 823, Box 47.7)
A 22-year-old female who has severe dysmenorrhea has been prescribed ferrous gluconate
(Fergon) to treat iron deficiency anemia. What is important for the nurse to instruct the client to
avoid when taking the drug?
- Eggs
- Pork
- Chocolate
- Whole wheat - Answer Eggs
A 22-year-old female client is seen in the primary care provider's office for a follow-up visit. Six
weeks ago she was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and has been taking the prescribed
iron supplement. She noticed that her stool has turned black. She tells the nurse she fears that
she is bleeding to death inside her belly. The nurse teaches the client about which expected
outcome? (Ch 49)
- "Iron supplements cannot cause bleeding."
- "Black stool is not a sign of internal bleeding."
- "Iron supplements may cause bleeding, but this is nothing to worry about."
- "Iron supplements can cause black or dark stools because of the iron composition." - Answer
"Iron supplements can cause black or dark stools because of the iron composition."
Rationale: The iron preparations stain the stools; the color remains as long as you are taking the
