ACC Pharmacology: Unit 1
Simplified Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers
3. Metabolism (Biotransformation) - Involves biologic transformation of drug into inactive
metabolite
Liver is main organ that metabolizes drugs although every tissue has some ability
Liver transforms drug into a more soluble, more potent form
Liver uses enzymes metabolize
4. Excretion - Function of the kidney
Eventually all drugs will be eliminated by the body
Intestines also excrete drugs
Excretion takes place through sweat, saliva, mammary glands, lungs, kidneys
Drug-Drug Interaction with Protein Binding - Happens when there are 2 drugs that are highly
protein bound
Drugs will compete for binding
One drug will loose: hence will be unbound and this will decrease response
First Pass Effect - -The metabolism of a drug and its passage from the liver into the circulation
-A drug with a high first pass effect will make it less active in the circulation
-Some drugs are highly metabolized in the intestine
-(also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism)
-phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before
it reaches the systemic circulation
, Factors influencing metabolism - Age
Disease (e.g. Liver)
Drug-drug interactions
Herbal-drug interactions
Food-drug interactions
Genetics
Solutions - a liquid that a drug is dissolved or suspended in
Common Equivalents -
3 Basic Routes of Admission - 1. ENTERAL: Through the GI tract.
2. PARENTERAL: injections or intravenous
3. PERCUTANEOUS: skin or mucous membrane
Half Life / Steady State - The time it takes for 1/2 the original drug to be removed from the body
Steady State:
The amount eliminated is equal to the amount absorbed with each dose
The higher the half life the longer to reach a steady state
Onset, Peak, Duration - Onset: therapeutic response (how soon to effect)
Peak: maximum therapeutic response
Duration: drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response (how long manufacturer
says it will last)
Simplified Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers
3. Metabolism (Biotransformation) - Involves biologic transformation of drug into inactive
metabolite
Liver is main organ that metabolizes drugs although every tissue has some ability
Liver transforms drug into a more soluble, more potent form
Liver uses enzymes metabolize
4. Excretion - Function of the kidney
Eventually all drugs will be eliminated by the body
Intestines also excrete drugs
Excretion takes place through sweat, saliva, mammary glands, lungs, kidneys
Drug-Drug Interaction with Protein Binding - Happens when there are 2 drugs that are highly
protein bound
Drugs will compete for binding
One drug will loose: hence will be unbound and this will decrease response
First Pass Effect - -The metabolism of a drug and its passage from the liver into the circulation
-A drug with a high first pass effect will make it less active in the circulation
-Some drugs are highly metabolized in the intestine
-(also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism)
-phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before
it reaches the systemic circulation
, Factors influencing metabolism - Age
Disease (e.g. Liver)
Drug-drug interactions
Herbal-drug interactions
Food-drug interactions
Genetics
Solutions - a liquid that a drug is dissolved or suspended in
Common Equivalents -
3 Basic Routes of Admission - 1. ENTERAL: Through the GI tract.
2. PARENTERAL: injections or intravenous
3. PERCUTANEOUS: skin or mucous membrane
Half Life / Steady State - The time it takes for 1/2 the original drug to be removed from the body
Steady State:
The amount eliminated is equal to the amount absorbed with each dose
The higher the half life the longer to reach a steady state
Onset, Peak, Duration - Onset: therapeutic response (how soon to effect)
Peak: maximum therapeutic response
Duration: drug concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response (how long manufacturer
says it will last)
