P1 GEOG LANDFORMS - Coastal and Tectonic
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gvf5ik
1. landforms of ero- Bays, Headlands, Geos, Caves, Blow Holes, Arches, Stacks and Wave-Cut Platforms.
sion
2. cliffs Cliffs are rocky, resistant, vertical features sound at the border of the land and sea,
including on headlands
The cliff is made of particularly resistant sandstone so it is difficult for the sea to
erode
We can see clear strata layers on its face, with bedding planes separating them
It also has a wave cut notch, which is an indent feature cut by the waves eroding
the base.
The angle of dip is important to the shape and sturdiness of the cliff - it leads to
different cliff profiles.
e.g. Burton Bradstock cliffs in Dorset
3. headlands and Different type of rock, lead to different rates of erosion (differential erosion). Softer
bays rock erodes more quickly, carving out an inlet called a bay, hard rock erodes at a
slower rate, leaving a headland
Wave cut notches are found at the base of cliffs that experience a erosive waves in
a narrow tidal range
Formed when the sea erodes a section of coast with alternating horizontal bands
of hard and soft rock
The bands of soft rock erode quicker, leaving a section jutting out into the sea called
a headland.
The area where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headlands are called
bays.
, P1 GEOG LANDFORMS - Coastal and Tectonic
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gvf5ik
4. geo wave refraction around the headland exploiting a join to create a geo
5. cave more erosion of geo to form a cave.
Inside the cave
Hydraulic action, cavitation and wave quarrying
Water splashes and swirls into the cave especially at high tide, eroding inside
Turbulent water causes air to be pressured into cracks
Salt crystallisation
Salt water goes into cracks, it evaporates leaving the salt behind
They grow and put pressure on the rock, expanding and eventually breaking up
the rock
6. arch back walls of the caves eroded all the way to become an arch, also sub aerial
weathering.
, P1 GEOG LANDFORMS - Coastal and Tectonic
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gvf5ik
7. stack and stump Forms when waves erode a weakness in a headland via abrasion and attrition
Crack widens until a cave is formed
Waves continue to erode the back of the cave until it pushes all the way through
forming an arch.
The base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its
roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea.
This leaves a stack
The stack is undercut at the base until it collapses to form a stump.
8. wave cut plat- A wave cut platform is a wide gently-sloping surface found at the foot of a cliff
form The sea attacks the base of the cliff, between the high and low water mark
A wave cut notch is formed by erosional processes such as abrasion and hydraulic
action - this is a dent in the cliff usually at the level of high tide
As the notch increases in size the cliff becomes unstable and collapses, leading to
it retreating
The backwash carries away the eroded material - leaving a wave cut platform (and
the process repeats)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gvf5ik
1. landforms of ero- Bays, Headlands, Geos, Caves, Blow Holes, Arches, Stacks and Wave-Cut Platforms.
sion
2. cliffs Cliffs are rocky, resistant, vertical features sound at the border of the land and sea,
including on headlands
The cliff is made of particularly resistant sandstone so it is difficult for the sea to
erode
We can see clear strata layers on its face, with bedding planes separating them
It also has a wave cut notch, which is an indent feature cut by the waves eroding
the base.
The angle of dip is important to the shape and sturdiness of the cliff - it leads to
different cliff profiles.
e.g. Burton Bradstock cliffs in Dorset
3. headlands and Different type of rock, lead to different rates of erosion (differential erosion). Softer
bays rock erodes more quickly, carving out an inlet called a bay, hard rock erodes at a
slower rate, leaving a headland
Wave cut notches are found at the base of cliffs that experience a erosive waves in
a narrow tidal range
Formed when the sea erodes a section of coast with alternating horizontal bands
of hard and soft rock
The bands of soft rock erode quicker, leaving a section jutting out into the sea called
a headland.
The area where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headlands are called
bays.
, P1 GEOG LANDFORMS - Coastal and Tectonic
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gvf5ik
4. geo wave refraction around the headland exploiting a join to create a geo
5. cave more erosion of geo to form a cave.
Inside the cave
Hydraulic action, cavitation and wave quarrying
Water splashes and swirls into the cave especially at high tide, eroding inside
Turbulent water causes air to be pressured into cracks
Salt crystallisation
Salt water goes into cracks, it evaporates leaving the salt behind
They grow and put pressure on the rock, expanding and eventually breaking up
the rock
6. arch back walls of the caves eroded all the way to become an arch, also sub aerial
weathering.
, P1 GEOG LANDFORMS - Coastal and Tectonic
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gvf5ik
7. stack and stump Forms when waves erode a weakness in a headland via abrasion and attrition
Crack widens until a cave is formed
Waves continue to erode the back of the cave until it pushes all the way through
forming an arch.
The base of the arch continually becomes wider through further erosion, until its
roof becomes too heavy and collapses into the sea.
This leaves a stack
The stack is undercut at the base until it collapses to form a stump.
8. wave cut plat- A wave cut platform is a wide gently-sloping surface found at the foot of a cliff
form The sea attacks the base of the cliff, between the high and low water mark
A wave cut notch is formed by erosional processes such as abrasion and hydraulic
action - this is a dent in the cliff usually at the level of high tide
As the notch increases in size the cliff becomes unstable and collapses, leading to
it retreating
The backwash carries away the eroded material - leaving a wave cut platform (and
the process repeats)
