,Chapter 1 — Inspection as the Primary Basis for Food Quality
and Safety
Stem: During a supplier audit of refrigerated truck fleets, an
inspector notes inconsistent interior surface cleaning records
and occasional residual organic matter in drainage channels.
Under an inspection-first approach, what is the most
appropriate immediate corrective action?
Options
A. Close the carrier’s operation until a third-party certification is
obtained.
B. Require immediate sanitation of identified units, retrain
cleaning staff, and schedule follow-up inspection.
C. Replace the trucks on the manifest with an alternate carrier
without further investigation.
D. Accept records as-is if temperatures remained within limits
during transport.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (correct): Immediate sanitation and staff retraining
address the observed nonconformity and reduce contamination
risk; follow-up inspection verifies corrective effectiveness. This
approach reflects inspection-led corrective action in Chapter 1,
“Inspection as the Primary Basis…”. It aligns with GDP and
HACCP corrective action principles. (FAOHome, U.S. Food and
Drug Administration)
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Closing operations without remedial steps is
disproportionate; first require correction and verification.
,C. Switching carriers ignores root-cause and leaves systemic
sanitation gaps unaddressed.
D. Temperature compliance alone does not eliminate
contamination risk from poor sanitation.
Teaching Point: Inspection findings require immediate
correction, root-cause action, and verification.
2
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — The Need for Technology and
Hard Data to Enter the Certification Arena
Stem: A distributor wants third-party certification for
refrigerated transport. Which technological investment most
directly supports continuous evidence for temperature control
needed during certification audits?
Options
A. Manual temperature logs written by drivers at delivery only.
B. Single one-off temperature probe tests taken during loading.
C. Continuous data-logger systems with tamper-evident records
and time-stamped telemetry.
D. Visual inspection photos of cargo at origin and destination.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale (correct): Continuous, time-stamped telemetry
provides objective, tamper-evident evidence across the
shipment lifecycle—necessary for certification and compliance
with cold-chain requirements (Chapter 1). It supports ISO 22000
traceability and FSMA record expectations. (ScienceDirect, U.S.
, Food and Drug Administration)
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Manual logs are error-prone and easily falsified—weak
evidence for certification.
B. One-off probes miss in-transit temperature excursions and
lack continuous proof.
D. Photos are qualitative and don’t provide continuous numeric
temperature records.
Teaching Point: Continuous, tamper-evident telemetry is the
gold standard for certification evidence.
3
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — Moving to Measurement and
Causal Analysis
Stem: A refrigerated trailer shows sporadic temperature spikes
on telemetry but no obvious door openings. Which next-step
investigation best follows a measurement-to-cause approach?
Options
A. Discard telemetry data and rely only on driver statements.
B. Inspect insulation, refrigeration setpoints, evaporator fans,
and examine sensor placement and calibration.
C. Immediately stop using the trailer without further testing.
D. Re-label shipments as “non-perishable” to avoid future
alarms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (correct): Measurement-to-cause requires verifying
and Safety
Stem: During a supplier audit of refrigerated truck fleets, an
inspector notes inconsistent interior surface cleaning records
and occasional residual organic matter in drainage channels.
Under an inspection-first approach, what is the most
appropriate immediate corrective action?
Options
A. Close the carrier’s operation until a third-party certification is
obtained.
B. Require immediate sanitation of identified units, retrain
cleaning staff, and schedule follow-up inspection.
C. Replace the trucks on the manifest with an alternate carrier
without further investigation.
D. Accept records as-is if temperatures remained within limits
during transport.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (correct): Immediate sanitation and staff retraining
address the observed nonconformity and reduce contamination
risk; follow-up inspection verifies corrective effectiveness. This
approach reflects inspection-led corrective action in Chapter 1,
“Inspection as the Primary Basis…”. It aligns with GDP and
HACCP corrective action principles. (FAOHome, U.S. Food and
Drug Administration)
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Closing operations without remedial steps is
disproportionate; first require correction and verification.
,C. Switching carriers ignores root-cause and leaves systemic
sanitation gaps unaddressed.
D. Temperature compliance alone does not eliminate
contamination risk from poor sanitation.
Teaching Point: Inspection findings require immediate
correction, root-cause action, and verification.
2
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — The Need for Technology and
Hard Data to Enter the Certification Arena
Stem: A distributor wants third-party certification for
refrigerated transport. Which technological investment most
directly supports continuous evidence for temperature control
needed during certification audits?
Options
A. Manual temperature logs written by drivers at delivery only.
B. Single one-off temperature probe tests taken during loading.
C. Continuous data-logger systems with tamper-evident records
and time-stamped telemetry.
D. Visual inspection photos of cargo at origin and destination.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale (correct): Continuous, time-stamped telemetry
provides objective, tamper-evident evidence across the
shipment lifecycle—necessary for certification and compliance
with cold-chain requirements (Chapter 1). It supports ISO 22000
traceability and FSMA record expectations. (ScienceDirect, U.S.
, Food and Drug Administration)
Rationale (incorrect):
A. Manual logs are error-prone and easily falsified—weak
evidence for certification.
B. One-off probes miss in-transit temperature excursions and
lack continuous proof.
D. Photos are qualitative and don’t provide continuous numeric
temperature records.
Teaching Point: Continuous, tamper-evident telemetry is the
gold standard for certification evidence.
3
Chapter & Subtopic: Chapter 1 — Moving to Measurement and
Causal Analysis
Stem: A refrigerated trailer shows sporadic temperature spikes
on telemetry but no obvious door openings. Which next-step
investigation best follows a measurement-to-cause approach?
Options
A. Discard telemetry data and rely only on driver statements.
B. Inspect insulation, refrigeration setpoints, evaporator fans,
and examine sensor placement and calibration.
C. Immediately stop using the trailer without further testing.
D. Re-label shipments as “non-perishable” to avoid future
alarms.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (correct): Measurement-to-cause requires verifying
