NR 507 Final Exam 2025/2026 |
Advanced Pathophysiology |100%
Verified Questions with Correct
Answer
This document provides 100% verified questions and answers for the NR 507 Final Exam
in Advanced Pathophysiology, updated for the 2025/2026 academic year. It covers
essential concepts of advanced pathophysiology, including disease mechanisms, clinical
manifestations, and diagnostic reasoning. Designed for nursing students, this resource is
aligned with exam requirements and supports effective preparation for success in NR
507.
Cystitis (UTI) - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Uncomplicated, responds well to antibiotic.
Caused mostly by e coli. No casts present in ua c& s
pyelonephritis - ,,,correct answer,,,,..kidney infection
Complicated
Iv atb to treat
Classic triad: vomiting, flank pain, fever
Casts are present in ua c& s
calcium oxalate - ,,,correct answer,,,,..most common type of kidney stone
Most common site of renal calculus - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Ureterovesicular
junction
Gold standard diagnosis for renal calculus - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Ct scan
True or false: all types of renal stones can be seen on ct scan - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..True
,Kidney stones that pass on their own - ,,,correct answer,,,,..< 0.5 cm
Kidney stones that cause obstruction - ,,,correct answer,,,,..>1.0cm
goals of treatment for renal stones - ,,,correct answer,,,,..manage acute pain
promote passage of stone
reduce stone size
prevent new stone formation
prevention of renal stone formation include which two elements - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..Citrate &
magnesium
Most common type of renal stone - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Calcium stone
Calcium stones are treated with ________ to promote excretion of stone -
,,,correct answer,,,,..Thiazide diuretic
Causes of struvite stones - ,,,correct answer,,,,..UTI
bacteria : klebsiella, enterobacteria
which elements combine to make struvite stones? - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..ammonia, magesium, phosphate
Type of renal stone found in children, with genetic causing factor - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..Cystine stone
sudden loss of renal function, reversible , kidneys respond well to diuretics -
,,,correct answer,,,,..acute renal failure (ARF)
labs - creatinine increased at least 50% from base line, decreased creatinine
clearance - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Acute renal failure
ARF stage that is identified by 1-3 days with elevated BUN and Creatinine,
decreased urine output - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Onset
ARF stage identified by output <400ml/day, elevated BUN and Creatinine,
Phosphate and Potassium. May last 14 days - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Oliguric
, ARF stage identified by increased output , no waste secretion - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..Diuretic
ARF stage where renal function returns - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Recovery
CKD stage is determined by...... - ,,,correct answer,,,,..GFR and albuminuria
Sudden and severe drop in blood pressure , injury occurs before the kidney,
decreased blood flow to glomerulus leads to low GFR, RAAS activation to
increase sodium and water re-absorbsion .
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule to take up sodium and water to increase
blood pressure - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Pre -renal injury
intra renal damage is caused by..... - ,,,correct answer,,,,..toxins, inflammation,
drugs, infection
example of intra renal damage - ,,,correct answer,,,,..glomerulonephritis
Best way to differentiate between pre and intra renal damage - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..BUN & creatinine comparison
renal failure with sudden obstruction in urine flow, begins a s a pre renal
issue, caused by obstruction, occurs unilaterally, - ,,,correct answer,,,,..post
renal failure
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present: -
,,,correct answer,,,,..- Metabolic acidosis.
- Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-
waves)
- Drug toxicity
- Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
- Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
the progressive loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as
htn , diabetes - ,,,correct answer,,,,..CKD /Chronic Kidney Disease
GFR <15 indicates what stage CKD - ,,,correct answer,,,,..stage 5
Advanced Pathophysiology |100%
Verified Questions with Correct
Answer
This document provides 100% verified questions and answers for the NR 507 Final Exam
in Advanced Pathophysiology, updated for the 2025/2026 academic year. It covers
essential concepts of advanced pathophysiology, including disease mechanisms, clinical
manifestations, and diagnostic reasoning. Designed for nursing students, this resource is
aligned with exam requirements and supports effective preparation for success in NR
507.
Cystitis (UTI) - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Uncomplicated, responds well to antibiotic.
Caused mostly by e coli. No casts present in ua c& s
pyelonephritis - ,,,correct answer,,,,..kidney infection
Complicated
Iv atb to treat
Classic triad: vomiting, flank pain, fever
Casts are present in ua c& s
calcium oxalate - ,,,correct answer,,,,..most common type of kidney stone
Most common site of renal calculus - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Ureterovesicular
junction
Gold standard diagnosis for renal calculus - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Ct scan
True or false: all types of renal stones can be seen on ct scan - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..True
,Kidney stones that pass on their own - ,,,correct answer,,,,..< 0.5 cm
Kidney stones that cause obstruction - ,,,correct answer,,,,..>1.0cm
goals of treatment for renal stones - ,,,correct answer,,,,..manage acute pain
promote passage of stone
reduce stone size
prevent new stone formation
prevention of renal stone formation include which two elements - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..Citrate &
magnesium
Most common type of renal stone - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Calcium stone
Calcium stones are treated with ________ to promote excretion of stone -
,,,correct answer,,,,..Thiazide diuretic
Causes of struvite stones - ,,,correct answer,,,,..UTI
bacteria : klebsiella, enterobacteria
which elements combine to make struvite stones? - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..ammonia, magesium, phosphate
Type of renal stone found in children, with genetic causing factor - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..Cystine stone
sudden loss of renal function, reversible , kidneys respond well to diuretics -
,,,correct answer,,,,..acute renal failure (ARF)
labs - creatinine increased at least 50% from base line, decreased creatinine
clearance - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Acute renal failure
ARF stage that is identified by 1-3 days with elevated BUN and Creatinine,
decreased urine output - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Onset
ARF stage identified by output <400ml/day, elevated BUN and Creatinine,
Phosphate and Potassium. May last 14 days - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Oliguric
, ARF stage identified by increased output , no waste secretion - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..Diuretic
ARF stage where renal function returns - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Recovery
CKD stage is determined by...... - ,,,correct answer,,,,..GFR and albuminuria
Sudden and severe drop in blood pressure , injury occurs before the kidney,
decreased blood flow to glomerulus leads to low GFR, RAAS activation to
increase sodium and water re-absorbsion .
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule to take up sodium and water to increase
blood pressure - ,,,correct answer,,,,..Pre -renal injury
intra renal damage is caused by..... - ,,,correct answer,,,,..toxins, inflammation,
drugs, infection
example of intra renal damage - ,,,correct answer,,,,..glomerulonephritis
Best way to differentiate between pre and intra renal damage - ,,,correct
answer,,,,..BUN & creatinine comparison
renal failure with sudden obstruction in urine flow, begins a s a pre renal
issue, caused by obstruction, occurs unilaterally, - ,,,correct answer,,,,..post
renal failure
Patients will need dialysis when the following symptoms are present: -
,,,correct answer,,,,..- Metabolic acidosis.
- Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia in the presence of EKG changes (peaked T-
waves)
- Drug toxicity
- Fluid volume overload that is not responsive to diuretics.
- Uremic symptoms due to nitrogenous wastes in the blood stream.
the progressive loss of renal function associated with systemic disease such as
htn , diabetes - ,,,correct answer,,,,..CKD /Chronic Kidney Disease
GFR <15 indicates what stage CKD - ,,,correct answer,,,,..stage 5
