Freshman College Composition CLEP EXAM |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\
expository - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nonfiction |\ |\ |\ |\
types of evidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(from most to least
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
valid)
-documented facts and statistics |\ |\ |\
-expert testimony |\
-personal experience and anecdote |\ |\ |\
-hypothetical illustration |\
-analogies
(the last two are not hard evidence, but offer common sense and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
probability to support an argument) |\ |\ |\ |\
denotation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔dictionary definition
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connotation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔emotional, social, cultural,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or historical associations people make with a word in addition to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
its literal meaning/definition
|\ |\
concrete words - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔indicate something that
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can be observed directly through our senses
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,abstract words - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔indicate something that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is understood only indirectly by association or indirect evidence
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(such as love, fear, friendship, etc.)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inference - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a reader's probable and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reasonable conclusion or interpretation of an idea based upon
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what the writer has written
|\ |\ |\ |\
(writers imply; readers infer)|\ |\ |\
inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔specific to general
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔general to specific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fallacy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔logical errors (usually based on a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
false premise)
|\ |\
common types: |\
-either/or (they assume there are only two opposing possibilities)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-oversimplification
-begging the question (they assume that they have proved
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
something which has not been proven) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-ignoring the issue (arguing something that is irrelevant to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
issue)
-arguing against a person, not an idea
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-"it does not follow..." or non sequitur (they leap to a wrong
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conclusion)
-drawing the wrong conclusion from a sequence
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, irony (and poetic justice) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔things turning
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
out to be not what they originally appeared to be (and a form of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the previously mentioned where a character, usually evil, ends
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
up getting what he or she wanted done to others)
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omniscient narrator - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(third person) all- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
seeing, all-knowing, and able to be everywhere at once (includes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowing all of the characters' thoughts) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limited-omniscient narrator - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(first |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
person) usually already knows the outcome (includes only
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowing one character's thoughts, although they may guess
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
other characters' thoughts, and having one person's personality)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limited or restricted narrator - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one person
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
telling the story from their perspective and who has limited
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
insight into what will happen next (they learn what happens
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when it happens) |\ |\
persona (and dramatic monologue) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
narrator in a poem, they become a character (a god, animal,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
idea, character from history, etc.) and tell the poem. this is not
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the same as the author as they may be different personalities.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(and when the comments of the aforementioned are important to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what they are describing)
|\ |\ |\ |\
"slice of life" - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the writer has chosen to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
write about this particular time rather than some other time (it is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
one part of a life story)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS |\ |\
expository - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔nonfiction |\ |\ |\ |\
types of evidence - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(from most to least
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
valid)
-documented facts and statistics |\ |\ |\
-expert testimony |\
-personal experience and anecdote |\ |\ |\
-hypothetical illustration |\
-analogies
(the last two are not hard evidence, but offer common sense and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
probability to support an argument) |\ |\ |\ |\
denotation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔dictionary definition
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
connotation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔emotional, social, cultural,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or historical associations people make with a word in addition to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
its literal meaning/definition
|\ |\
concrete words - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔indicate something that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
can be observed directly through our senses
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,abstract words - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔indicate something that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is understood only indirectly by association or indirect evidence
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(such as love, fear, friendship, etc.)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
inference - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a reader's probable and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reasonable conclusion or interpretation of an idea based upon
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what the writer has written
|\ |\ |\ |\
(writers imply; readers infer)|\ |\ |\
inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔specific to general
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔general to specific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
fallacy - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔logical errors (usually based on a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
false premise)
|\ |\
common types: |\
-either/or (they assume there are only two opposing possibilities)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-oversimplification
-begging the question (they assume that they have proved
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
something which has not been proven) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-ignoring the issue (arguing something that is irrelevant to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
issue)
-arguing against a person, not an idea
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
-"it does not follow..." or non sequitur (they leap to a wrong
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conclusion)
-drawing the wrong conclusion from a sequence
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, irony (and poetic justice) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔things turning
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
out to be not what they originally appeared to be (and a form of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the previously mentioned where a character, usually evil, ends
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
up getting what he or she wanted done to others)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
omniscient narrator - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(third person) all- |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
seeing, all-knowing, and able to be everywhere at once (includes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowing all of the characters' thoughts) |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limited-omniscient narrator - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔(first |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
person) usually already knows the outcome (includes only
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowing one character's thoughts, although they may guess
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
other characters' thoughts, and having one person's personality)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limited or restricted narrator - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one person
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
telling the story from their perspective and who has limited
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
insight into what will happen next (they learn what happens
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when it happens) |\ |\
persona (and dramatic monologue) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
narrator in a poem, they become a character (a god, animal,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
idea, character from history, etc.) and tell the poem. this is not
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the same as the author as they may be different personalities.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(and when the comments of the aforementioned are important to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what they are describing)
|\ |\ |\ |\
"slice of life" - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the writer has chosen to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
write about this particular time rather than some other time (it is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
one part of a life story)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
