MSN 570 ADVANCE PATHO EXAM WITH
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
What is karyolysis? - ANSWERS-nuclear dissolution and chromatin
lysis
What is pyknosis? - ANSWERS-clumping of nucleus
What is karyorrhexis? - ANSWERS-fragmentation of nucleus
What is caseous necrosis? - ANSWERS-Combination of coagulative
and liquefactive necrosis i.e TB
how does inflammatory process cause cellular injury? - ANSWERS-
Immune/inflamatory response cause injury with release of
histamines, enzymes, antibodies, lymphokines
,What genetic factors cause tissue/cell injury? - ANSWERS-genetic
disease like sickle cell anemia or muscular dystrophy
what is somatic cell death? - ANSWERS-health of entire person
process algor -livor-rigor mortis ends with autolysis.
What is Turner Syndrome? - ANSWERS-Occurs in females only when
they a deletion of all or have only one X chromosome
what are neurofibromatosis? - ANSWERS-tumors that arise from
Schwann cells
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -
ANSWERS-ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - ANSWERS-injury that occurs after
oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -
ANSWERS-as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with
damaged proteins triggering inflammatory response
, how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - ANSWERS-RAS
causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells
release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - ANSWERS-Essential or idiopathic,
elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all
cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - ANSWERS-Elevated BP, labile BP;
related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -
ANSWERS-persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy;
decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - ANSWERS-stroke,
ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - ANSWERS-volume of blood in ventricles at end of
diastole
what is afterload? - ANSWERS-peripheral resistance against which
the left ventricle must pump
CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
What is karyolysis? - ANSWERS-nuclear dissolution and chromatin
lysis
What is pyknosis? - ANSWERS-clumping of nucleus
What is karyorrhexis? - ANSWERS-fragmentation of nucleus
What is caseous necrosis? - ANSWERS-Combination of coagulative
and liquefactive necrosis i.e TB
how does inflammatory process cause cellular injury? - ANSWERS-
Immune/inflamatory response cause injury with release of
histamines, enzymes, antibodies, lymphokines
,What genetic factors cause tissue/cell injury? - ANSWERS-genetic
disease like sickle cell anemia or muscular dystrophy
what is somatic cell death? - ANSWERS-health of entire person
process algor -livor-rigor mortis ends with autolysis.
What is Turner Syndrome? - ANSWERS-Occurs in females only when
they a deletion of all or have only one X chromosome
what are neurofibromatosis? - ANSWERS-tumors that arise from
Schwann cells
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury -
ANSWERS-ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - ANSWERS-injury that occurs after
oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? -
ANSWERS-as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with
damaged proteins triggering inflammatory response
, how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - ANSWERS-RAS
causes impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells
release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - ANSWERS-Essential or idiopathic,
elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all
cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - ANSWERS-Elevated BP, labile BP;
related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? -
ANSWERS-persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy;
decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - ANSWERS-stroke,
ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - ANSWERS-volume of blood in ventricles at end of
diastole
what is afterload? - ANSWERS-peripheral resistance against which
the left ventricle must pump
