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Exam (elaborations)

Solution Manual Federal Tax Research 13th Edition by Roby Sawyers, Steven Gill A+ Latest

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Solution Manual Federal Tax Research 13th Edition by Roby Sawyers, Steven Gill A+ Latest

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Federal ttTax ttResearch, tt13th Page tt1-1
ttEdition



Solution Manual Federal Tax Research
tt tt tt tt




tt 13th Edition by Roby Sawyers, Steven Gill
tt tt tt tt tt tt




tt Chapters 1 -13 tt tt

,Page tt1-2 SOLUTIONS
ttMANUAL




CHAPTER 1 tt



INTRODUCTION TO TAX PRACTICE AND ETHICS
tt tt tt tt tt




DISCUSSION ttQUESTIONS


1-1. In ttthe ttUnited ttStates, ttthe tttax ttsystem ttis ttan ttoutgrowth ttof ttthe ttfollowing ttfive ttdisciplines:
tt law, ttaccounting, tteconomics, ttpolitical ttscience, ttand ttsociology. ttThe ttenvironment ttfor ttthe
tt tax ttsystem ttispt rovided ttby ttthe ttprinciples ttof tteconomics, ttsociology, ttand ttpolitical ttscience,
tt while ttthe ttlegal ttand ttaccounting ttfields ttare ttresponsible ttfor ttthe ttsystem‘s ttinterpretation
tt and ttapplication.


Each ttof ttthese ttdisciplines ttaffects ttthis ttcountry‘s tttax ttsystem ttin tta ttunique ttway.
tt Economists ttaddressst uch ttissues ttas tthow ttproposed tttax ttlegislation ttwill ttaffect ttthe ttrate ttof
inflation ttor tteconomic ttgrowth.M
tt t easurement ttof ttthe ttsocial ttequity ttof tta tttax ttand


tt determining ttwhether tta tttax ttsystem ttdiscriminates ttagainst ttcertain tttaxpayers ttare ttissues
tt that ttare ttexamined ttby ttsociologists ttand ttpolitical ttscientists.

Finally, ttattorneys ttare ttresponsible ttfor ttthe ttinterpretation ttof ttthe tttaxation ttstatutes, ttand
accountantset nsure ttthat ttthese ttsame ttstatutes ttare ttapplied ttconsistently.****8880()
tt


Page tt4


1-2. The ttother ttmajor ttcategories ttof tttax ttpractice ttin ttaddition ttto tttax ttresearch ttare ttas ttfollows:


• Tax ttcompliance
• Tax ttplanning
• Tax


tt litigationP
t age tt5




1-3. Tax ttcompliance ttconsists ttof ttgathering ttpertinent ttinformation, ttevaluating ttand ttclassifying
tt that ttinformation, ttand ttfiling ttany ttnecessary tttax ttreturns. ttCompliance ttalso ttincludes ttother
tt functions ttnecessary ttto ttsatisfy ttgovernmental ttrequirements, ttsuch ttas ttrepresenting tta ttclient
tt during ttan ttInternalR
t evenue ttService tt(IRS) ttaudit.

,Federal ttTax ttResearch, tt13th Page tt1-3
ttEdition




Page tt5


1-4. Most ttof ttthe tttax ttcompliance ttwork ttis ttperformed ttby ttcommercial tttax ttpreparers, ttenrolled
tt agents tt(EAs), ttattorneys, ttand ttcertified ttpublic ttaccountants tt(CPAs). ttNoncomplex
tt individual, ttpartnership,at nd ttcorporate tttax ttreturns ttoften ttare ttcompleted ttby ttcommercial tttax
tt preparers. ttThe ttpreparation ttof ttmore ttcomplex ttreturns ttusually ttis ttperformed ttby ttEAs,
tt attorneys, ttand ttCPAs. ttThe ttlatter ttgroups ttalsop
t rovide tttax ttplanning ttservices ttand ttrepresent


tt their ttclients ttbefore ttthe ttIRS.


An ttEA ttis ttone ttwho ttis ttadmitted ttto ttpractice ttbefore ttthe ttIRS ttby ttpassing tta ttspecial ttIRS-
administered ttexamination, ttor ttwho tthas ttworked ttfor ttthe ttIRS ttfor ttfive ttyears ttand ttis ttissued tta
tt permit ttto ttrepresent ttclients ttbefore ttthe ttIRS. ttCPAs ttand ttattorneys ttare ttnot ttrequired ttto tttake
tt this ttexamination ttand ttare ttautomatically ttadmitted ttto ttpractice ttbefore ttthe ttIRS ttif ttthey ttare ttin
tt good ttstanding ttwith ttthe ttappropriatep
t rofessional ttlicensing ttboard.




Page tt5 ttand ttCircular tt230




1-5. Tax ttplanning ttis ttthe ttprocess ttof ttarranging ttone‘s ttfinancial ttaffairs ttto ttminimize ttany tttax
tt liability. ttMuchot f ttmodern tttax ttpractice ttcenters ttaround ttthis ttprocess, ttand ttthe ttresulting
tt outcome ttis tttax ttavoidance.
There ttis ttnothing ttillegal ttor ttimmoral ttin ttthe ttavoidance ttof tttaxation ttas ttlong ttas ttthe tttaxpayer
tt remains ttwithin ttlegal ttbounds. ttIn ttcontrast, tttax ttevasion ttconstitutes ttthe ttillegal ttnonpayment
tt of tta tttax ttand ttcannotbt e ttcondoned. ttActivities ttof ttthis ttsort ttclearly ttviolate ttexisting ttlegal
tt constraints ttand ttfall ttoutside ttof ttthe ttdomain ttof ttthe ttprofessional tttax ttpractitioner.


Page tt6


1-6. In ttan ttopen tttax ttplanning ttsituation, ttthe tttransaction ttis ttnot ttyet ttcomplete; tttherefore, ttthe tttax
tt practitionerm
t aintains ttsome ttdegree ttof ttcontrol ttover ttthe ttpotential tttax ttliability, ttand ttthe


tt transaction ttmay ttbe ttmodi- ttfied ttto ttachieve tta ttmore ttfavorable tttax tttreatment. ttIn tta ttclosed
tt transaction tthowever, ttall ttof ttthe ttpertinentat ctions tthave ttbeen ttcompleted, ttand tttax ttplanning
tt activities ttmay ttbe ttlimited ttto ttthe ttpresentation ttof ttthe ttsituation ttto ttthe ttgovernment ttin ttthe
most ttlegally ttadvantageous ttmanner ttpossible.
tt

, Page tt1-4 SOLUTIONS
ttMANUAL

Page tt6


1-7. Tax ttlitigation ttis ttthe ttprocess ttof ttsettling tta ttdispute ttwith ttthe ttIRS ttin tta ttcourt ttof ttlaw.
tt Typically, tta tttaxat ttorney tthandles tttax ttlitigation ttthat ttprogresses ttbeyond ttthe ttfinal ttIRS
tt appeal.


Page tt6


1-8. CPAs ttserve ttis tta ttsupport ttcapacity ttin tttax ttlitigation.


Page tt6


1-9. Tax ttresearch ttconsists ttof ttthe ttresolution ttof ttunanswered tttaxation ttquestions. ttThe tttax ttresearch
tt processit ncludes ttthe ttfollowing:


1. Identification ttof ttpertinent ttissues;
2. Specification ttof ttproper ttauthorities;
3. Evaluation ttof ttthe ttpropriety ttof ttauthorities; ttand,
4. Application ttof ttauthorities ttto tta ttspecific ttsituation.


Page tt6


1-10. Circular tt230 ttis ttissued ttby ttthe ttTreasury ttDepartment ttand ttapplies ttto ttall ttwho ttpractice ttbefore


tt the ttIRS.P
t age tt7




1-11. In ttaddition ttto ttCircular tt230, ttCPAs ttmust ttfollow ttthe ttAICPA‘s ttCode ttof ttProfessional
tt Conduct ttand ttStatements tton ttStandards ttfor ttTax ttServices. ttCPAs ttmust ttalso ttabide ttby ttthe
tt rules ttof ttthe ttappropriatest tate ttboard(s) ttof ttaccountancy.


Page tt7


1-12. A ttreturn ttpreparer ttmust ttobtain tt18 tthours ttof ttcontinuing tteducation ttfrom ttan ttIRS-approved
tt CE ttProvider. ttThe tthours ttmust ttinclude tta tt6 ttcredit tthour ttAnnual ttFederal ttTax ttRefresher
tt course tt(AFTR) ttthat ttcovers ttfiling ttseason ttissues ttand tttax ttlaw ttupdates. ttThe ttAFTR ttcourse
must ttinclude tta ttknowledge-b
tt t ased ttcomprehension tttest ttadministered ttat ttthe ttconclusion tt of ttthe


tt course ttby ttthe ttCE ttProvider.
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