NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Questions and Answers
Question 1
Asthma
Correct Answer
Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
Question 2
What are 5 s/s of asthma
Correct Answer
coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Question 3
Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Correct Answer
-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Question 4
Bronchioles
Correct Answer
smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
Page 1 of 37
, NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Question 5
3 layers of the bronchioles
Correct Answer
innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
Question 6
lamina propria
Correct Answer
the middle layer of the bronchioles
Question 7
structure of the lamina propria
Correct Answer
embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
Question 8
purpose of the lamina propria
Correct Answer
white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
Question 9
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Correct Answer
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response
that damages host tissue
Page 2 of 37
, NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Question 10
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Correct Answer
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
Question 11
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Correct Answer
smooth muscle cells
Question 12
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
Correct Answer
control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
Question 13
alveolar hyperinflation
Correct Answer
When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
Question 14
how does hyperinflation occur?
Correct Answer
the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
Page 3 of 37
, NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Question 15
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Correct Answer
-expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
Question 16
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Correct Answer
tiotropium and ipratropium
Question 17
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
Correct Answer
These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
Question 18
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Correct Answer
the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to
cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
Question 19
bronchitis
Correct Answer
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Page 4 of 37
NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm Questions and Answers
Question 1
Asthma
Correct Answer
Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive inflammatory
response in the bronchioles
Question 2
What are 5 s/s of asthma
Correct Answer
coughing
wheezing
shortness of breath
rapid breathing
chest tightness
Question 3
Pathophysiology of asthma (5)
Correct Answer
-airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
-excess mucus production and accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle
-airflow obstruction
-decreased alveolar ventilation
Question 4
Bronchioles
Correct Answer
smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that become the alveoli
Page 1 of 37
, NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Question 5
3 layers of the bronchioles
Correct Answer
innermost layer
middle layer - lamina propria
outermost layer
Question 6
lamina propria
Correct Answer
the middle layer of the bronchioles
Question 7
structure of the lamina propria
Correct Answer
embedded with connective tissue cells and immune cells
Question 8
purpose of the lamina propria
Correct Answer
white blood cells are present to help protect the airways
Question 9
How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma
Correct Answer
the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory response
that damages host tissue
Page 2 of 37
, NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Question 10
What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Correct Answer
columnar epithelial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
Question 11
What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain
Correct Answer
smooth muscle cells
Question 12
what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do
Correct Answer
control the airways ability to constrict and dilate
Question 13
alveolar hyperinflation
Correct Answer
When air is unable to move out of the alveolar like it should due to bronchial walls
collapsing around possible mucus plug thus trapping air inside
Question 14
how does hyperinflation occur?
Correct Answer
the ongoing inflammatory process of asthma produces mucus and pus plug that
the bronchial walls collapse around
Page 3 of 37
, NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
Question 15
Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar
Correct Answer
-expanded thorax and hypercapnia (retention of CO2)
- respiratory acidosis
Question 16
What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma
Correct Answer
tiotropium and ipratropium
Question 17
What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?
Correct Answer
These drugs block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
- increasing bronchodilation
Question 18
MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma
Correct Answer
the parasympathetic system is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release
acetylcholine which binds to the cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to
cause bronchial constriction = decreased airflow
- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing the
bronchial constriction
Question 19
bronchitis
Correct Answer
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Page 4 of 37
