NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Question 1
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Correct Answer
Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast cell
degranulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
Question 2
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Correct Answer
Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does
not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
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, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Question 3
Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Correct Answer
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into
the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
Question 4
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples
Correct Answer
Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Question 5
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
Correct Answer
Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
Page 2 of 20
, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Question 6
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:
Correct Answer
Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the
site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy
Question 7
Treatment of Type 4 Rash
Correct Answer
A non-severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated with topical
corticosteroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines act on
the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
Question 8
Autoimmunity
Correct Answer
Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family members may not all develop
the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized
by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic
reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety
of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Page 3 of 20
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Question 1
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Correct Answer
Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast cell
degranulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
Question 2
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Correct Answer
Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does
not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis.
Page 1 of 20
, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Question 3
Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Correct Answer
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into
the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
Question 4
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples
Correct Answer
Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-
antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Question 5
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
Correct Answer
Delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
Page 2 of 20
, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Question 6
Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction:
Correct Answer
Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
characterized by widely distributed lesions
Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the
site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy
Question 7
Treatment of Type 4 Rash
Correct Answer
A non-severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated with topical
corticosteroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines act on
the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
Question 8
Autoimmunity
Correct Answer
Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family members may not all develop
the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized
by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic
reactions
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety
of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Page 3 of 20
