Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry Midterm
1. Florence Nightingale: Known as the first nurse epidemiologist who explored
sanitation techniques and its effect on health
2. Roles of the Nurse: Caregiver
Communicator
Educator
Advocate
Manager
3. Caregiver: help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function
4. Advocate: promote the patient's human and legal rights
5. Educator: explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason
behind routine care activities, and demonstrate self care activities
6. Communicator: Communication is the center of the nurse-patient
relationship. Communication is used to gain knowledge of the patient, and to
meet the need of the patient, their families, and the communities.
7. Manager: Establish an environment for collaborative patient centered care. A
manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in
delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility
for a specific nursing unit or facility.
8. Nurses in Legislation: Nurses can influence policy decisions at all
governmental levels. One way is to get involved by participating in local and
national efforts. This effort is critical in exerting nurses' influence early in the
political process. Legislation is not beyond the nurse's control and national
program can have bearing on state politics.
9. Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency: a nurse goes thorough 5 levels of
proficiency when acquiring nursing skills (Novice, Advanced Beginner,
Competent, Proficient, Expert)
10. Novice: Beginner nursing student or any nurse entering a situation with no
previous level of experience
11. Advanced Beginner: A Nurse with some level of experience with a situation
12. Competent: A nurse that has had the same clinical position for 2- 3 years 13.
Proficient: Nurse with more that 2-3 years of the same clinical position. Has
gained experience from multiple situations.
14. Expert: Nurse has diverse experience with an intuitive grasp to access
clinical situations
,15. Autonomy: initiating Independent nursing interventions without medical
orders 16. Accountability: as the nurse you are professionally and legally
responsible for the type and quality of care you provide
17 Nurse Midwife: The practice of nurse-midwifery involves providing
independent care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well
as care for the newborn.
18. CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist): Nurse anesthetists provide
surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an
anesthesiologist, who is a physician (health care provider) with advanced
knowledge of surgical anesthesia.
19. Nurse Practitioners: These advanced practice nurses manage self-limiting
acute and chronic stable medical conditions. They may or may not work
independently depending on the state regulations.
20. Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross
21. Dorthea Lynde Dix and Mother Bickerdyke: Cared for wounded soldiers &
regulated supplies to troops during the Civil War. Dorothea Dix was one of the
first mental health advocates.
22. Harriet Tubman: Former slave who helped slaves escape in the Underground
Railroad
23. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster: Community Nurses took care of poor in
New York opened Henry House
24. Nursing Metaparadigm: Allows nurses to understand and explain what
nursing is, what nursing does, and why nurses do what they do. Nursing's
metaparadigm includes four concepts: person, health, environment/situation,
and nursing.
25. Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Anesthetic Agents: Anesthetic agents
and other agents given during surgery can decrease bladder contractility
and/or sensation of bladder fullness, causing urinary retention. Local trauma
during lower abdominal and pelvic surgery sometimes obstructs urine flow,
requiring temporary use of an indwelling urinary catheter.
26. Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Positioning of the Patient: When
inserting an indwelling urethral catheter, if the patient's condition does not
allow the nurse to place the patient in the correct position for insertion, the
nurse must use critical thinking skills to adapt positioning technique.
27. Inserting an Indwelling Uretheral Catheter for a Male Patient: Using the
uncontaminated dominant hand, cleanse the meatus with cotton balls/swab
sticks, using circular strokes, beginning at the meatus and working outward in
a spiral motion. Repeat 3 times using a clean cotton ball/swabstick each time.
, With the nondominant hand (now contaminated), retract the foreskin (if
uncircumcised) and gently grasp the penis at the shaft just below the glans.
Hold the shaft of the penis at a right angle to the body.
28. The Nursing Process: five-step systematic method for giving patient care;
involves 1) assessing, 2) diagnosing, 3) planning, 4) implementing, and 5)
evaluating 29 Assessment Phase of the Nursing Process: The assessment
phase of the nursing process involves data collection to complete a thorough
patient database and is the first phase.
30. Subjective Data: •Patients' verbal descriptions of their health problems
•Includes patient feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms
31. Objective Data: •Findings resulting from direct observation
32. Two Stages of Assessment: •Collection of information from a primary source
(a patient) and secondary sources
•The interpretation and validation of data to determine whether more data are
needed or the database is complete.
33. Three Types of Assessment: •Patient-centered interview (conducted during a
nursing history)
•Periodic assessments (conducted during ongoing contact with patients)
•Physical examination (conducted during a nursing history and at any time a
patient presents a symptom)
34. Assessment Data Sources: •Patient
•Family caregivers and significant others
•Health care team
•Medical records
•Other records and the scientific literature
•Nurse's experience
35. Phases of the Interview During Assessment: •Orientation and setting an
agenda
•Working phase (collecting data by using interview techniques, observation, open-
ended questions, closed-ended questions, leading questions, back channeling,
probing, and interpretation)
•Termination phase
36. Components of the Nursing Health History: •Biographical information
•Chief concern or reason for seeking care
•Patient expectations
•Present illness or health concerns
1. Florence Nightingale: Known as the first nurse epidemiologist who explored
sanitation techniques and its effect on health
2. Roles of the Nurse: Caregiver
Communicator
Educator
Advocate
Manager
3. Caregiver: help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and
symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function
4. Advocate: promote the patient's human and legal rights
5. Educator: explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason
behind routine care activities, and demonstrate self care activities
6. Communicator: Communication is the center of the nurse-patient
relationship. Communication is used to gain knowledge of the patient, and to
meet the need of the patient, their families, and the communities.
7. Manager: Establish an environment for collaborative patient centered care. A
manager coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in
delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility
for a specific nursing unit or facility.
8. Nurses in Legislation: Nurses can influence policy decisions at all
governmental levels. One way is to get involved by participating in local and
national efforts. This effort is critical in exerting nurses' influence early in the
political process. Legislation is not beyond the nurse's control and national
program can have bearing on state politics.
9. Benner's Stages of Nursing Proficiency: a nurse goes thorough 5 levels of
proficiency when acquiring nursing skills (Novice, Advanced Beginner,
Competent, Proficient, Expert)
10. Novice: Beginner nursing student or any nurse entering a situation with no
previous level of experience
11. Advanced Beginner: A Nurse with some level of experience with a situation
12. Competent: A nurse that has had the same clinical position for 2- 3 years 13.
Proficient: Nurse with more that 2-3 years of the same clinical position. Has
gained experience from multiple situations.
14. Expert: Nurse has diverse experience with an intuitive grasp to access
clinical situations
,15. Autonomy: initiating Independent nursing interventions without medical
orders 16. Accountability: as the nurse you are professionally and legally
responsible for the type and quality of care you provide
17 Nurse Midwife: The practice of nurse-midwifery involves providing
independent care for women during normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well
as care for the newborn.
18. CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist): Nurse anesthetists provide
surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an
anesthesiologist, who is a physician (health care provider) with advanced
knowledge of surgical anesthesia.
19. Nurse Practitioners: These advanced practice nurses manage self-limiting
acute and chronic stable medical conditions. They may or may not work
independently depending on the state regulations.
20. Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross
21. Dorthea Lynde Dix and Mother Bickerdyke: Cared for wounded soldiers &
regulated supplies to troops during the Civil War. Dorothea Dix was one of the
first mental health advocates.
22. Harriet Tubman: Former slave who helped slaves escape in the Underground
Railroad
23. Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster: Community Nurses took care of poor in
New York opened Henry House
24. Nursing Metaparadigm: Allows nurses to understand and explain what
nursing is, what nursing does, and why nurses do what they do. Nursing's
metaparadigm includes four concepts: person, health, environment/situation,
and nursing.
25. Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Anesthetic Agents: Anesthetic agents
and other agents given during surgery can decrease bladder contractility
and/or sensation of bladder fullness, causing urinary retention. Local trauma
during lower abdominal and pelvic surgery sometimes obstructs urine flow,
requiring temporary use of an indwelling urinary catheter.
26. Indwelling Urethral Catheter and Positioning of the Patient: When
inserting an indwelling urethral catheter, if the patient's condition does not
allow the nurse to place the patient in the correct position for insertion, the
nurse must use critical thinking skills to adapt positioning technique.
27. Inserting an Indwelling Uretheral Catheter for a Male Patient: Using the
uncontaminated dominant hand, cleanse the meatus with cotton balls/swab
sticks, using circular strokes, beginning at the meatus and working outward in
a spiral motion. Repeat 3 times using a clean cotton ball/swabstick each time.
, With the nondominant hand (now contaminated), retract the foreskin (if
uncircumcised) and gently grasp the penis at the shaft just below the glans.
Hold the shaft of the penis at a right angle to the body.
28. The Nursing Process: five-step systematic method for giving patient care;
involves 1) assessing, 2) diagnosing, 3) planning, 4) implementing, and 5)
evaluating 29 Assessment Phase of the Nursing Process: The assessment
phase of the nursing process involves data collection to complete a thorough
patient database and is the first phase.
30. Subjective Data: •Patients' verbal descriptions of their health problems
•Includes patient feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms
31. Objective Data: •Findings resulting from direct observation
32. Two Stages of Assessment: •Collection of information from a primary source
(a patient) and secondary sources
•The interpretation and validation of data to determine whether more data are
needed or the database is complete.
33. Three Types of Assessment: •Patient-centered interview (conducted during a
nursing history)
•Periodic assessments (conducted during ongoing contact with patients)
•Physical examination (conducted during a nursing history and at any time a
patient presents a symptom)
34. Assessment Data Sources: •Patient
•Family caregivers and significant others
•Health care team
•Medical records
•Other records and the scientific literature
•Nurse's experience
35. Phases of the Interview During Assessment: •Orientation and setting an
agenda
•Working phase (collecting data by using interview techniques, observation, open-
ended questions, closed-ended questions, leading questions, back channeling,
probing, and interpretation)
•Termination phase
36. Components of the Nursing Health History: •Biographical information
•Chief concern or reason for seeking care
•Patient expectations
•Present illness or health concerns
