SEMMELWEIS ENTRANCE
EXAM MEDICINE BIOLOGY
What is a gene? - ANSWERS-segment of DNA that codes for a
protein
What are the levels of gene expression? - ANSWERS-Genes that code
for amino acid sequences are known as 'structural genes'. The process
of gene expression involves two main stages: Transcription: the
production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA
polymerase, and the processing of the resulting mRNA molecule
What is a frameshift mutation? - ANSWERS-mutation that shifts the
"reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a
nucleotide. The resulting protein is nonfunctional
What is a missense mutation? - ANSWERS-Point mutation in which a
single nucleotide is changed, resulting in a codon that codes for a
different amino acid.
What is a nonsense mutation? - ANSWERS-change resulting in early
stop codon
What is a chromosomal mutation? - ANSWERS-A change in the
number or structure of chromosomes
,What is down's syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-trisomy 21
What is turner syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-45 chromosomes
instead of 46
What is Klinefelter syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-47
chromosomes, three sex chromosomes, XXY
What is edward's syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-Trisomy 18
What is Patau syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-Trisomy 13
What is dominant inheritance? - ANSWERS-one dominant allele is
needed to show disease and dominant lethal alleles are usually
eliminated from the population
What is recessive inheritance? - ANSWERS-Inheritance of a trait that
must be inherited homozygously in order for there to be a phenotype.
What is sex-linked inheritance? - ANSWERS-An inheritance pattern
in which the gene of interest is carried on the X chromosome
What are some common sex-linked diseases? - ANSWERS-
hemophilia (male - X linked recessive), red-green color blindness
(male), congenital night blindness (male)
, What is the genetic code? - ANSWERS-collection of codons of
mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino
acid into a protein during protein synthesis
summary of lac operon - ANSWERS-The lac operon is an operon, or
group of genes with a single promoter (transcribed as a single
mRNA). The genes in the operon encode proteins that allow the
bacteria to use lactose as an energy source
What is Darwin's theory? - ANSWERS-Natural selection and
variation
What is the parasympathetic nervous system's effect on a pacemaker?
- ANSWERS-Parasympathetic Stimulation Slows the Heart Rate by
Decreasing the Slope of the Pacemaker Potential
What bones are in the appendicular skeleton? - ANSWERS-Upper
Extremities
-Shoulder (pectorial) girdle
-Arm
-Wrist
-Hands
Lower Extremities
-Hip (pelvic) girdle
-Legs
EXAM MEDICINE BIOLOGY
What is a gene? - ANSWERS-segment of DNA that codes for a
protein
What are the levels of gene expression? - ANSWERS-Genes that code
for amino acid sequences are known as 'structural genes'. The process
of gene expression involves two main stages: Transcription: the
production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA
polymerase, and the processing of the resulting mRNA molecule
What is a frameshift mutation? - ANSWERS-mutation that shifts the
"reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a
nucleotide. The resulting protein is nonfunctional
What is a missense mutation? - ANSWERS-Point mutation in which a
single nucleotide is changed, resulting in a codon that codes for a
different amino acid.
What is a nonsense mutation? - ANSWERS-change resulting in early
stop codon
What is a chromosomal mutation? - ANSWERS-A change in the
number or structure of chromosomes
,What is down's syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-trisomy 21
What is turner syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-45 chromosomes
instead of 46
What is Klinefelter syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-47
chromosomes, three sex chromosomes, XXY
What is edward's syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-Trisomy 18
What is Patau syndrome caused by? - ANSWERS-Trisomy 13
What is dominant inheritance? - ANSWERS-one dominant allele is
needed to show disease and dominant lethal alleles are usually
eliminated from the population
What is recessive inheritance? - ANSWERS-Inheritance of a trait that
must be inherited homozygously in order for there to be a phenotype.
What is sex-linked inheritance? - ANSWERS-An inheritance pattern
in which the gene of interest is carried on the X chromosome
What are some common sex-linked diseases? - ANSWERS-
hemophilia (male - X linked recessive), red-green color blindness
(male), congenital night blindness (male)
, What is the genetic code? - ANSWERS-collection of codons of
mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino
acid into a protein during protein synthesis
summary of lac operon - ANSWERS-The lac operon is an operon, or
group of genes with a single promoter (transcribed as a single
mRNA). The genes in the operon encode proteins that allow the
bacteria to use lactose as an energy source
What is Darwin's theory? - ANSWERS-Natural selection and
variation
What is the parasympathetic nervous system's effect on a pacemaker?
- ANSWERS-Parasympathetic Stimulation Slows the Heart Rate by
Decreasing the Slope of the Pacemaker Potential
What bones are in the appendicular skeleton? - ANSWERS-Upper
Extremities
-Shoulder (pectorial) girdle
-Arm
-Wrist
-Hands
Lower Extremities
-Hip (pelvic) girdle
-Legs
