2025-2026 HESI Pharmacology V1
Verified Questions And Answers/100%
Correct/Graded A+/Updated 2025
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum calcium level is
13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the client?1.
Calcium chloride
2. Calcium gluconate
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
4. Large doses of vitamin D - ANSWER-3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium
gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a
result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin,
a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the
serum calcium concentration.
Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse
instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?
1. Milk
2. Water
3. Apple juice
4. Orange juice - ANSWER-4. Orange juice
Rationale:
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to administer
the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of the
iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a greater amount of vitamin C than apple
juice.
,Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client,
knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this
medication?
1. Tinnitus
2. Diarrhea
3. Constipation
4. Decreased Respirations - ANSWER-1. Tinnitus
Rationale:
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms
include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not
associated with salicylism.
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied sunscreen. The
nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
1. Immediately before swimming
2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
3. Immediately before exposure to the sun
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun - ANSWER-4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to
the sun
Rationale:
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so that they
can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn injury. When applying the
medication, the client complains of local discomfort and burning. Which of the following is the most
appropriate nursing action?
1. Notifying the registered nurse
2. Discontinuing the medication
3. Informing the client that this is normal
,4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site - ANSWER-3. Informing the client that this is
normal
Rationale:
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and is used to treat
burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The client should be informed that the medication
will cause local discomfort and burning and that this is a normal reaction; therefore options 1, 2, and 4
are incorrect
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of injury. The
nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates that a systemic effect has
occurred?1.Hyperventilation
2.Elevated blood pressure
3.Local pain at the burn site
4.Local rash at the burn site - ANSWER-1.Hyperventilation
Rationale:
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, thereby
causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an acid-base
imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinued for 1 to 2 days.
Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than syeffects. An elevated blood pressure may be expected from
the pain that occurs with a burn injury.
Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of this medication, the
nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed?
1. Platelet count
2. Triglyceride level
3. Complete blood count
4. White blood cell count - ANSWER-2. Triglyceride level
Rationale:
, Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should be measured before
treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the triglycerides has been evaluated. Options 1,
3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically during this treatment.
A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care provider (HCP) prescribes isotretinoin.
The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contact the (HCP) if the client is taking
which medication?
1. Vitamin A
2. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
3. Furosemide (Lasix)
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) - ANSWER-1. Vitamin A
Rationale:
Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensification of isotretinoin
toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should be discontinued
before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contraindicated with the use of isotretinoin
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse would monitor for the
potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication were being applied to
which of the following body areas?
1. Back
2. Axilla
3. Soles of the feet
4. Palms of the hands - ANSWER-2. Axilla
Rationale:
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions
where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower
from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The nurse notes that the client is
taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication prescription, the nurse would suspect that the
client is being treated for:
Verified Questions And Answers/100%
Correct/Graded A+/Updated 2025
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum calcium level is
13 mg/dL. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer as prescribed to the client?1.
Calcium chloride
2. Calcium gluconate
3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
4. Large doses of vitamin D - ANSWER-3. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing hypercalcemia. Calcium
gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the treatment of tetany, which occurs as a
result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin,
a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the
serum calcium concentration.
Oral iron supplements are prescribed for a 6-year-old child with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse
instructs the mother to administer the iron with which best food item?
1. Milk
2. Water
3. Apple juice
4. Orange juice - ANSWER-4. Orange juice
Rationale:
Vitamin C increases the absorption of iron by the body. The mother should be instructed to administer
the medication with a citrus fruit or a juice that is high in vitamin C. Milk may affect absorption of the
iron. Water will not assist in absorption. Orange juice contains a greater amount of vitamin C than apple
juice.
,Salicylic acid is prescribed for a client with a diagnosis of psoriasis. The nurse monitors the client,
knowing that which of the following would indicate the presence of systemic toxicity from this
medication?
1. Tinnitus
2. Diarrhea
3. Constipation
4. Decreased Respirations - ANSWER-1. Tinnitus
Rationale:
Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms
include tinnitus, dizziness, hyperpnea, and psychological disturbances. Constipation and diarrhea are not
associated with salicylism.
The camp nurse asks the children preparing to swim in the lake if they have applied sunscreen. The
nurse reminds the children that chemical sunscreens are most effective when applied:
1. Immediately before swimming
2. 15 minutes before exposure to the sun
3. Immediately before exposure to the sun
4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun - ANSWER-4. At least 30 minutes before exposure to
the sun
Rationale:
Sunscreens are most effective when applied at least 30 minutes before exposure to the sun so that they
can penetrate the skin. All sunscreens should be reapplied after swimming or sweating
Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn injury. When applying the
medication, the client complains of local discomfort and burning. Which of the following is the most
appropriate nursing action?
1. Notifying the registered nurse
2. Discontinuing the medication
3. Informing the client that this is normal
,4. Applying a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site - ANSWER-3. Informing the client that this is
normal
Rationale:
Mafenide acetate is bacteriostatic for gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and is used to treat
burns to reduce bacteria present in avascular tissues. The client should be informed that the medication
will cause local discomfort and burning and that this is a normal reaction; therefore options 1, 2, and 4
are incorrect
The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of injury. The
nurse monitors the client, knowing that which of the following indicates that a systemic effect has
occurred?1.Hyperventilation
2.Elevated blood pressure
3.Local pain at the burn site
4.Local rash at the burn site - ANSWER-1.Hyperventilation
Rationale:
Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, thereby
causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an acid-base
imbalance (hyperventilation). If this occurs, the medication should be discontinued for 1 to 2 days.
Options 3 and 4 describe local rather than syeffects. An elevated blood pressure may be expected from
the pain that occurs with a burn injury.
Isotretinoin is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of this medication, the
nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed?
1. Platelet count
2. Triglyceride level
3. Complete blood count
4. White blood cell count - ANSWER-2. Triglyceride level
Rationale:
, Isotretinoin can elevate triglyceride levels. Blood triglyceride levels should be measured before
treatment and periodically thereafter until the effect on the triglycerides has been evaluated. Options 1,
3, and 4 do not need to be monitored specifically during this treatment.
A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic and the health care provider (HCP) prescribes isotretinoin.
The nurse reviews the client's medication record and would contact the (HCP) if the client is taking
which medication?
1. Vitamin A
2. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
3. Furosemide (Lasix)
4. Phenytoin (Dilantin) - ANSWER-1. Vitamin A
Rationale:
Isotretinoin is a metabolite of vitamin A and can produce generalized intensification of isotretinoin
toxicity. Because of the potential for increased toxicity, vitamin A supplements should be discontinued
before isotretinoin therapy. Options 2, 3, and 4 are not contraindicated with the use of isotretinoin
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse would monitor for the
potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication were being applied to
which of the following body areas?
1. Back
2. Axilla
3. Soles of the feet
4. Palms of the hands - ANSWER-2. Axilla
Rationale:
Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions
where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower
from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
The clinic nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client. The nurse notes that the client is
taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication prescription, the nurse would suspect that the
client is being treated for:
