NUR 445 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS

NUR 445 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS What are the side/adverse effects of antidysrhythmic drugs like amiodarone and dronedarone? - Slows heart rate - Affects thyroid and liver, and pulmonary function What changes do you expect with ST elevation? Signs of a STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction) What is isosorbide dinitrate and what does it do? This is another form of nitrate that reduces preload and afterload What is the treatment for symptomatic bradycardia? Atropine Where do you get the blood from when doing ABGs? Artery, ART line What lifestyle changes should be educated to patients to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease? - Diet (decreased fat, increased fiber) - Exercise - Stop smoking/drinking completely What are the signs and symptoms of uncontrolled hypertension? - Headaches - Dizziness - Nocturia - Long-term complication can be heart failure What is the purpose of a cardiac stress test? To assess cardiovascular function Which cardiovascular risks are modifiable? High fat diet, smoking. What are the signs and symptoms of dysrhythmias? - Irregular heart rhythm - Palpitations - Dizziness - Shortness of breath. Can an ECG be done multiple times? Yes What is the most significant complication in a patient with myocardial infarction? Cardiogenic shock What are the risks associated with herbal/alternative medicine? Bleeding risk with Omega 3 and garlic What are the treatment options for end-stage heart failure? LVAD and IABP Which patients are at high risk for digitalis toxicity? People with poor renal function, CKD, and the elderly What do we look for when we give digoxin? Improved contractility (ejection fraction) What are the signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity? Visual disturbances, N/V, anorexia What does a lipid profile measure? - TG - LDL - HDL - Total cholesterol What are the risks for heart disease? Various factors such as... - Smoking - High blood pressure - High cholesterol - Obesity - Diabetes - Family history (genetics) What medications are indicated for patients with angina? ONAM (Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin, Morphine) Which medications are contraindicated in angina? -fil drugs (e.g., sildenafil, vardenafil) and Viagra What are the atypical manifestations of myocardial infarction? - Women: Neck, jaw, shoulder, abdominal pain - Elderly: Confused, dyspnea, syncope, weakness - Diabetics: SOB, fatigue When should discharge medications for total obstruction prevention be given to patients with coronary artery disease? When they are admitted for coronary artery disease Describe what causes Prinz metal angina. Prinz metal angina is caused by coronary artery spasm, not plaque formation, and usually occurs at rest and in clusters and at night What are the parameters to assess the effectiveness of heart failure therapy? - Normal creatinine and BUN - Decreased edema - No crackles - No excessive weight gain What type of diet is recommended for patients with heart failure? Low sodium and fluid restriction What does PEA stand for? Pulseless electrical activity What are the indications for pacemakers? - Bradycardia - Second degree AV block - Third degree AV block