NC Ornamental and Turfgrass Pest
Management UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
IPM - CORRECT ANSWER - Integrated Pest Management. IPM combines appropriate
pest-control tactics into a single plan to reduce pests and their damage to an acceptable level
Economic threshold - CORRECT ANSWER - The threshold at which pest control is
warranted. This is easier to calculate with crops. In turf and ornamental, the threshold is based on
the client's preferences and the value of the plants
Indicator plant - CORRECT ANSWER - The first plants to be affected by a pest.
Revisiting these plants will determine the change in number of pests
Particle drift - CORRECT ANSWER - The movement of fine particles(droplets or dust)
through the air while the pesticide is being applied
Vapor drift - CORRECT ANSWER - The movement of the pesticide in the form of a gas
or vapor during or after application
Buffer - CORRECT ANSWER - A non-treated zone between the area to be treated the
sensitive areas such as ponds, streams, wells, and drains
Re-entry period - CORRECT ANSWER - The length of time that must pass before anyone
can enter a treated area
Pesticide resistance - CORRECT ANSWER - The process in which a pest becomes
resistant to a pesticide
Phytotoxicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Injury or damage to a sensitive plant caused by a
chemical exposure.
,Pesticide breakdown - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of bacteria and fungi in the
soil naturally breaking down pesticides into non-toxic substances
Cultivar - CORRECT ANSWER - Genetically different groups within a species of grass
What are the three geographic regions in the southern states? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mountains, piedmont, and coastal plain
Warm-season grass - CORRECT ANSWER - Grasses that become dormant in the winter.
Examples include bermuda, centipede, bahia, st. augustine, zoysia, seashore, and carpet
Cool-season grass - CORRECT ANSWER - Grasses that become dormant in hot, dry
weather. Examples are creeping bentgrass, tall fescue, fine fescue, perennial ryegrass, and
kentucky bluegrass
Dormant - CORRECT ANSWER - When a plants growth stops
Certified seed - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of seed that meets standards for low
numbers of weed seed
Thatch - CORRECT ANSWER - The layer of living and dead plant stems, leaves, and
roots that develop between the soil surface and green vegetation
Aeration - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of incorporating air into the soil in order to
decrease compaction
Developmental stage - CORRECT ANSWER - The different growth stages of an insect
,Gradual Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Young insects(nymphs) look like small
versions of the adult
Complete metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER - The immature stages of insects look
very different from the adults before they become pupae and change into adults
Grub - CORRECT ANSWER - The precursor to pupae for beetles
Caterpillar - CORRECT ANSWER - The precursor to pupae for moths
Larva - CORRECT ANSWER - The immature worm like stage of beetles and moths. Two
types are grubs and caterpillars
Pupa - CORRECT ANSWER - The third stage of complete metamorphosis, in which a
larva develops into an adult insect.
Nymph - CORRECT ANSWER - A stage of gradual metamorphosis that usually
resembles the adult insect.
Scouting - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of determining if and what kind of pest
infestation you have
Sampling - CORRECT ANSWER - The methods of determining if a pest is present
Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of counting pests over a period of time
Resistant cultivar - CORRECT ANSWER - A cultivar that is less likely to succumb to a
specific pest or disease
, Endophyte - CORRECT ANSWER - A harmless fungus that lives within the plant that
produces toxins that can kill chinch bugs, billbugs, and turf caterpillars
Predator - CORRECT ANSWER - Insects that actively seek out their pray and attack them
Parasite - CORRECT ANSWER - Insects that feed on the tissues of pests. Examples
include wasps and nematodes
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER - A bacterial or fungal disease that kills pests
Bt - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacillus Thuringiensis - A common bacterium that kills many
types of caterpillars
Milky spore disease - CORRECT ANSWER - A bacillus popilliae that attacks white grubs
and cause their blood fluids to turn a milky color.
Selective herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER - Chemical pesticide that kills only some types
of plants.
Nonselective herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER - A substance that kills all plants it
contacts.
Susceptibility tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER - The natural ability of a plant to remain
unaffected by a herbicide
Herbicide systemic - CORRECT ANSWER - An herbicide that is absorbed by the leaves
or roots and circulate within the plant to kill it
Herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical that kills plants
Management UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
IPM - CORRECT ANSWER - Integrated Pest Management. IPM combines appropriate
pest-control tactics into a single plan to reduce pests and their damage to an acceptable level
Economic threshold - CORRECT ANSWER - The threshold at which pest control is
warranted. This is easier to calculate with crops. In turf and ornamental, the threshold is based on
the client's preferences and the value of the plants
Indicator plant - CORRECT ANSWER - The first plants to be affected by a pest.
Revisiting these plants will determine the change in number of pests
Particle drift - CORRECT ANSWER - The movement of fine particles(droplets or dust)
through the air while the pesticide is being applied
Vapor drift - CORRECT ANSWER - The movement of the pesticide in the form of a gas
or vapor during or after application
Buffer - CORRECT ANSWER - A non-treated zone between the area to be treated the
sensitive areas such as ponds, streams, wells, and drains
Re-entry period - CORRECT ANSWER - The length of time that must pass before anyone
can enter a treated area
Pesticide resistance - CORRECT ANSWER - The process in which a pest becomes
resistant to a pesticide
Phytotoxicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Injury or damage to a sensitive plant caused by a
chemical exposure.
,Pesticide breakdown - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of bacteria and fungi in the
soil naturally breaking down pesticides into non-toxic substances
Cultivar - CORRECT ANSWER - Genetically different groups within a species of grass
What are the three geographic regions in the southern states? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Mountains, piedmont, and coastal plain
Warm-season grass - CORRECT ANSWER - Grasses that become dormant in the winter.
Examples include bermuda, centipede, bahia, st. augustine, zoysia, seashore, and carpet
Cool-season grass - CORRECT ANSWER - Grasses that become dormant in hot, dry
weather. Examples are creeping bentgrass, tall fescue, fine fescue, perennial ryegrass, and
kentucky bluegrass
Dormant - CORRECT ANSWER - When a plants growth stops
Certified seed - CORRECT ANSWER - A type of seed that meets standards for low
numbers of weed seed
Thatch - CORRECT ANSWER - The layer of living and dead plant stems, leaves, and
roots that develop between the soil surface and green vegetation
Aeration - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of incorporating air into the soil in order to
decrease compaction
Developmental stage - CORRECT ANSWER - The different growth stages of an insect
,Gradual Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Young insects(nymphs) look like small
versions of the adult
Complete metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER - The immature stages of insects look
very different from the adults before they become pupae and change into adults
Grub - CORRECT ANSWER - The precursor to pupae for beetles
Caterpillar - CORRECT ANSWER - The precursor to pupae for moths
Larva - CORRECT ANSWER - The immature worm like stage of beetles and moths. Two
types are grubs and caterpillars
Pupa - CORRECT ANSWER - The third stage of complete metamorphosis, in which a
larva develops into an adult insect.
Nymph - CORRECT ANSWER - A stage of gradual metamorphosis that usually
resembles the adult insect.
Scouting - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of determining if and what kind of pest
infestation you have
Sampling - CORRECT ANSWER - The methods of determining if a pest is present
Monitoring - CORRECT ANSWER - The process of counting pests over a period of time
Resistant cultivar - CORRECT ANSWER - A cultivar that is less likely to succumb to a
specific pest or disease
, Endophyte - CORRECT ANSWER - A harmless fungus that lives within the plant that
produces toxins that can kill chinch bugs, billbugs, and turf caterpillars
Predator - CORRECT ANSWER - Insects that actively seek out their pray and attack them
Parasite - CORRECT ANSWER - Insects that feed on the tissues of pests. Examples
include wasps and nematodes
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER - A bacterial or fungal disease that kills pests
Bt - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacillus Thuringiensis - A common bacterium that kills many
types of caterpillars
Milky spore disease - CORRECT ANSWER - A bacillus popilliae that attacks white grubs
and cause their blood fluids to turn a milky color.
Selective herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER - Chemical pesticide that kills only some types
of plants.
Nonselective herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER - A substance that kills all plants it
contacts.
Susceptibility tolerance - CORRECT ANSWER - The natural ability of a plant to remain
unaffected by a herbicide
Herbicide systemic - CORRECT ANSWER - An herbicide that is absorbed by the leaves
or roots and circulate within the plant to kill it
Herbicide - CORRECT ANSWER - A chemical that kills plants
