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Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
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Benjamin A. Pierce
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENT ggg ggg
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics .................................................................................................................... 3
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Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ...................................................................................... 15
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Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ........................................................................................................... 32
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Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ........................................................................ 59
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Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ............................................................. 98
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Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................. 115
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Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ............................................................................................ 139
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Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ..................................................................................... 152
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Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination........................................................................................... 181
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Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ..................................................... 198
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Chapter 11:
ggg From DNA to Proteins: Translation ............................................................................................. 224
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Chapter 12:
ggg Control of Gene Expression .......................................................................................................... 244
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Chapter 13:
ggg Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ...................................................... 278
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Chapter 14:
ggg Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology .......................................................................... 298
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Chapter 15:
ggg Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................. 314
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Chapter 16:
ggg Cancer Genetics .............................................................................................................................. 332
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ..................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics.......................................................................................... 366
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www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
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However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
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ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t
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produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally,
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
recessive trait to be rare.
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2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black
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Mesa.
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ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture,
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
blood in the community.
ggg ggg ggg ggg
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
village. Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
least not selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
much higher frequency.
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3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the
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phenomenon is INCORRECT?
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a. evolution—population genetics ggg
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
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ANSWER: e ggg
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles ggg ggg ggg ggg
b. mechanism of DNA replication ggg ggg ggg
c. gene expression patterns
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d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids ggg ggg ggg ggg
ANSWER: a ggg
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
a. chromosome.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Benjamin A. Pierce
ggg ggg
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENT ggg ggg
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics .................................................................................................................... 3
ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ...................................................................................... 15
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ........................................................................................................... 32
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ........................................................................ 59
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ............................................................. 98
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation .................................................................................................................. 115
ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems ............................................................................................ 139
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ..................................................................................... 152
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination........................................................................................... 181
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ..................................................... 198
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 11:
ggg From DNA to Proteins: Translation ............................................................................................. 224
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 12:
ggg Control of Gene Expression .......................................................................................................... 244
ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 13:
ggg Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair ...................................................... 278
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 14:
ggg Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology .......................................................................... 298
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 15:
ggg Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................. 314
ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 16:
ggg Cancer Genetics .............................................................................................................................. 332
ggg ggg
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ..................................................................................................................... 346
ggg ggg ggg
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics.......................................................................................... 366
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
ggg ggg ggg ggg
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally,
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
recessive trait to be rare.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona.
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
Mesa.
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ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture,
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
blood in the community.
ggg ggg ggg ggg
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
village. Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
least not selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
much higher frequency.
ggg ggg ggg
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
phenomenon is INCORRECT?
ggg ggg ggg
a. evolution—population genetics ggg
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
ggg ggg
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
ggg ggg ggg
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
ANSWER: e ggg
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles ggg ggg ggg ggg
b. mechanism of DNA replication ggg ggg ggg
c. gene expression patterns
ggg ggg
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids ggg ggg ggg ggg
ANSWER: a ggg
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg ggg
a. chromosome.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
