AQA GCSE Biology Paper 2 Exam
What key three factors does homeostasis in human control?
Blood glucose concentration, body temperature, water levels
What does the nervous system do in humans?
Enable humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour
What is the Central Nervous System?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the Central Nervous System do?
Coordinates the response of effectors which may be muscles or gland secreting
hormones
What is the Central Nervous System sequence?
Stimulus --> Receptor --> Coordinator --> Effector --> Response
,What is the brain?
Billions of interconnected neurons that control complex behavior using different
regions that carry out different functions
What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
It controls intelligence, personality, conscious thought and high-level functions, such
as language and verbal memory
What is the function of the cerebellum?
It controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular activity
What is the function of the medulla?
It controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate
In the eye what is accommodation?
The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects
How does the eye focus on a near object?
,The ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments loosen, the lens is then
thicker and refracts light rays strongly
How does the eye focus on a distant object?
The ciliary muscles relax, the suspensory ligaments are pulled tight, the lens is then
pulled thin and only slightly refracts light rays
What is short-sightedness or myopia?
Where near objects are seen clearly but the eye cannot focus on distant objects
What is a long sightedness or hyperopia?
Where distant objects are seen clearly but the eye cannot focus on nearby objects
What does the thermoregulatory centre in the brain do?
Monitor and control body temperature
What happens when body temperature is too high?
Blood vessels to dilate (vasodilation) and sweat is produced from the sweat glands
, What happens in the body temperature is too low?
Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), sweating stops and skeletal muscles
contract (shiver)
What is the endocrine system?
A system composed of glands which secret chemicals called hormones directly into
the bloodstream
What is the pituitary gland?
The 'master gland' in the brain which secretes hormones into the blood in response
to body conditions
What does the pancreas do?
Monitor and control blood glucose concentration
What happens when the blood glucose concentration is too high?
The pancreas produces the hormone insulin that causes glucose to move from the
blood into the cells
What key three factors does homeostasis in human control?
Blood glucose concentration, body temperature, water levels
What does the nervous system do in humans?
Enable humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour
What is the Central Nervous System?
The brain and spinal cord
What does the Central Nervous System do?
Coordinates the response of effectors which may be muscles or gland secreting
hormones
What is the Central Nervous System sequence?
Stimulus --> Receptor --> Coordinator --> Effector --> Response
,What is the brain?
Billions of interconnected neurons that control complex behavior using different
regions that carry out different functions
What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
It controls intelligence, personality, conscious thought and high-level functions, such
as language and verbal memory
What is the function of the cerebellum?
It controls balance, co-ordination of movement and muscular activity
What is the function of the medulla?
It controls unconscious activities such as heart rate and breathing rate
In the eye what is accommodation?
The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects
How does the eye focus on a near object?
,The ciliary muscles contract, the suspensory ligaments loosen, the lens is then
thicker and refracts light rays strongly
How does the eye focus on a distant object?
The ciliary muscles relax, the suspensory ligaments are pulled tight, the lens is then
pulled thin and only slightly refracts light rays
What is short-sightedness or myopia?
Where near objects are seen clearly but the eye cannot focus on distant objects
What is a long sightedness or hyperopia?
Where distant objects are seen clearly but the eye cannot focus on nearby objects
What does the thermoregulatory centre in the brain do?
Monitor and control body temperature
What happens when body temperature is too high?
Blood vessels to dilate (vasodilation) and sweat is produced from the sweat glands
, What happens in the body temperature is too low?
Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction), sweating stops and skeletal muscles
contract (shiver)
What is the endocrine system?
A system composed of glands which secret chemicals called hormones directly into
the bloodstream
What is the pituitary gland?
The 'master gland' in the brain which secretes hormones into the blood in response
to body conditions
What does the pancreas do?
Monitor and control blood glucose concentration
What happens when the blood glucose concentration is too high?
The pancreas produces the hormone insulin that causes glucose to move from the
blood into the cells
