LAB 6 SKELETAL SYSTEM
What is the Skeletal System composed of? - correct answer ---206 bones in adults, 270 in infants
---Cartilage, Bone and Membranes that line the bones
---Each bone is an organ that consist of mineralized osseous tissue, blood, cartilage, adipose tissue, connective
tissue, nervous tissue, and blood vessels;
What is the functions of the Skeletal System? - correct answer Supports and protects the body, enables the
movement, stores nutrients, and produces new blood cells;
---bones can also adapt to stresses through a continuous cycle of remodeling
What Two groups is the skeleton organized? - correct answer Axil Skeleton and the Appendicular Skeleton
Axil Skeleton - correct answer ---Form the vertical axis of the body
---80 Bones
---- Revolves around the vertical axis of the skeleton
----includes the cranium, spinal column, and bony thorax (sternum and ribs)
----Provides mechanical support to the body as well as protecting vital organs such as the brain and heart
Appendicular Skeleton - correct answer ---The appendages of the body
--- Includes the upper and lower limbs
---- More susceptible to breaking or dislocation than the axial bones
--- Injuries that occur are also much less severe than when they occur in the axial
, Cranial Bone Locations - correct answer ---Frontal bone- Forehead(anterior)
---Parietal bones- Superior lateral wall on both sides of skull; come together at the midline of the skull
---Temporal Bones- Lateral wall inferior to the parietal bone on both sides of skull; extend inferiorly behind ears
---Occipital bone- Posterior portion of the skull extending inferiorly
---Sphenoid Bone- Base of the skull; forms the superior and lateral walls of the eye, posterior to ethmoid; can
palpate only greater wing located anterior to the ear
---Ethmoid Bone- floor of the anterior portion of the skull, roof of the nose; connects cranial and facial bones
Osseous Tissue - correct answer ---bone is made of mineralized OSSEOUS TISSUE- tissue is rigid yet porous
---OSSEOUS TISSUE allows cells to penetrate and thrive within the matrix; hard and lightweight composite
material from collagen and inorganic molecules called HYDROXYAPATITE which displays compressive strength
but weakness in tension
---Orientation of two types of collagen fibers: Cortical and Trabecular
Cortical Bone - correct answer ---aka Cancellous or Spongy Bone
---Hard mineralized material that forms the outer layer of bones.
---consist of cylindrical units called OSTEONS which have a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae of
hard, calcified matrix
---OSTEOCYTES- mature bone cells that are lodged in lacunae located between the lamellae---connected to
each other and the central canal via canaliculi.
---Volkmann's canals aka Perforating canals, enable blood vessels to penetrate the bone- nutrients travel to the
osteocytes through these canals and central canals
Trabecular Bone - correct answer ---aka Cancellous or Spongy Bone
---Forms the porous inner layer of bone and has slender trabeculae constructed of irregular lamellae that are a
few cell-layers thick
---Osteocytes reside in small spaces called lacunae between calcified lamellae
---RED BONE MARROW fills the internal cavities of this bone type
What is the Skeletal System composed of? - correct answer ---206 bones in adults, 270 in infants
---Cartilage, Bone and Membranes that line the bones
---Each bone is an organ that consist of mineralized osseous tissue, blood, cartilage, adipose tissue, connective
tissue, nervous tissue, and blood vessels;
What is the functions of the Skeletal System? - correct answer Supports and protects the body, enables the
movement, stores nutrients, and produces new blood cells;
---bones can also adapt to stresses through a continuous cycle of remodeling
What Two groups is the skeleton organized? - correct answer Axil Skeleton and the Appendicular Skeleton
Axil Skeleton - correct answer ---Form the vertical axis of the body
---80 Bones
---- Revolves around the vertical axis of the skeleton
----includes the cranium, spinal column, and bony thorax (sternum and ribs)
----Provides mechanical support to the body as well as protecting vital organs such as the brain and heart
Appendicular Skeleton - correct answer ---The appendages of the body
--- Includes the upper and lower limbs
---- More susceptible to breaking or dislocation than the axial bones
--- Injuries that occur are also much less severe than when they occur in the axial
, Cranial Bone Locations - correct answer ---Frontal bone- Forehead(anterior)
---Parietal bones- Superior lateral wall on both sides of skull; come together at the midline of the skull
---Temporal Bones- Lateral wall inferior to the parietal bone on both sides of skull; extend inferiorly behind ears
---Occipital bone- Posterior portion of the skull extending inferiorly
---Sphenoid Bone- Base of the skull; forms the superior and lateral walls of the eye, posterior to ethmoid; can
palpate only greater wing located anterior to the ear
---Ethmoid Bone- floor of the anterior portion of the skull, roof of the nose; connects cranial and facial bones
Osseous Tissue - correct answer ---bone is made of mineralized OSSEOUS TISSUE- tissue is rigid yet porous
---OSSEOUS TISSUE allows cells to penetrate and thrive within the matrix; hard and lightweight composite
material from collagen and inorganic molecules called HYDROXYAPATITE which displays compressive strength
but weakness in tension
---Orientation of two types of collagen fibers: Cortical and Trabecular
Cortical Bone - correct answer ---aka Cancellous or Spongy Bone
---Hard mineralized material that forms the outer layer of bones.
---consist of cylindrical units called OSTEONS which have a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae of
hard, calcified matrix
---OSTEOCYTES- mature bone cells that are lodged in lacunae located between the lamellae---connected to
each other and the central canal via canaliculi.
---Volkmann's canals aka Perforating canals, enable blood vessels to penetrate the bone- nutrients travel to the
osteocytes through these canals and central canals
Trabecular Bone - correct answer ---aka Cancellous or Spongy Bone
---Forms the porous inner layer of bone and has slender trabeculae constructed of irregular lamellae that are a
few cell-layers thick
---Osteocytes reside in small spaces called lacunae between calcified lamellae
---RED BONE MARROW fills the internal cavities of this bone type
