Chapter 1: An Invisible World
* =Correct
answerMultiple
Choice
1. Whichof thefollowing is true of the microbial world?
A. Allmicrobesareharmful.
B. Humans could survive without microbes.
B B
C. Manymicrobes are helpful.*
D. Most microbes arepathogenic.
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard: 23, 24
2. Whichofthe following is when humans first suspected theexistence of microbes?
B
A. during theIndustrial Revolution
B. in prehistoric times*
C. in the last century
D. within the last500 years
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:23
3. Whichindividualfirstobservedunicellularorganisms, whichhe called
“animalcules,” using a microscope he developed?
A. Robert Koch
B
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Thucydides
D. Antonievan Leeuwenhoek*
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:6
4. To reduce the risk of openflamefrom Bunsen burners,microbiologists are
B
increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop
sterilization of small pieces of equipment?
A. autoclaves
B. ethyleneoxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:36
,5. TheSwedishbotanist knownforhavingdeveloped animportant biological
classification system is which of the following people?
A. Ernst Haeckel
B
B. Carolus Linnaeus*
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Robert Whittaker
B
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
6. Whichkingdom wasthe onlyone found in Empire Prokaryota?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
7. Whicharethe three currentlyaccepted domains?
A. Archaea, Bacteria, andEukarya*
B. Archaea,Prokaryota, andEukaryota
C. Bacteria,Fungi,and Protista
D. Bacteria,Prokaryota, and Eukarya
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
8. Whichtwo taxonomicunits are typicallyusedto identify anorganism when using
binomial nomenclature?
A. domainandkingdom
B. genus and family
C. genus and species*
D. phylum and class
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
9. Whichofthefollowing is not true about the process of fermentation?
B
A. It canhelp preserve foods,preventing spoilage.
B. It converts sugars toorganic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide.
B
C. Itis carried outexclusivelyby unicellular eukaryotes suchas yeast.*
D. It is used to make foods such as cheeseandbread.
Difficulty: Moderate
ASMStandard: 11, 23, 26
,10. TheRomansmayhavereducedtheirrisk ofwaterborneinfectiousdiseasesbyusing
which of the following?
A. avarietyofpharmaceuticalproducts
B. aqueductsandasewersystem*
N N
C. prophylacticantibiotics
D. quarantineofpeoplewithleprosy
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23
11. ForwhichofthefollowingisThucydidesknown?
N
A. developinganeffectivesewersystem inancient
Greece,helpingtoreduce levels of disease in cities
B. observingmicrobes,usingamicroscope,forthefirst time,evendistinguishing
between bacteria and fungi
C. proposingthat diseasewascausedbymicroorganisms
N B N
D. realizingthat people whohadbeeninfectedbytheAthenianplaguehad
immunity to reinfection*
Difficulty: Moderate
ASMStandard:23,31
12. ErnstHaeckelproposedaclassificationsystemconsistingofwhichofthe
followingsubgroups?
A. fivekingdoms
B. fourkingdoms*
C. twodomainsandthreekingdoms
D. twodomainsandfivekingdoms
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
13. Virusesnot includedinphylogenetictreesforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
N
A. Iti st oodifficulttoobservetheircharacteristics.
N N
B. Theyareacellularandnonliving.*
C. Theydonot haveanygenes,whichpreventsgenetic analysis.
B
D. Theylackanucleus.
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard: 5
14. Whichi sthebest descriptionoftheprimarypurposeofaphylogeny?
N
A. Phylogeniesshowallthealterativenamesforeachspecies.
B. Phylogeniesshowallthecommonnamesforeachspecies.
C. Phylogeniesshowevolutionaryrelatednessbetween organisms.*
, D. Phylogeniesshowinteractionsbetweenspeciesinasharedhabitat.
N
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard: 5
15. Currentphylogeneticanalysesincludewhichofthefollowing?
N
A. informationfromarangeofsources,includingmorphological,genetic,and
biochemicaldata*
B. informationonvisiblesimilaritiesonly
C. informationregardinghowtoclassifyorganismsonthebasisofexternal
morphological characteristics and visible behaviors
D. variedmorphologicalandstructuralcharacteristics,withpreferenceforleaving
historical classifications to prevent confusion
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard: 5
16. Diatomsareclassifiedwithinwhichofthefollowingdomains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
17. Horizontalgenetransferinvolveswhichofthefollowing?
A. anytransferofgenesinalaboratorysetting
B. thetransferofgenesfroma virustoabacteriumorviceversabut notany
other form of gene transfer
C. the transferofgenesfromonei ndividualtoanother,
N N
includingfromone speciestoanother,butnotfromparenttooffspring*
N
D. thetransferofgenesfromparentt ooffspring
N
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:2,4
18. Bacteriaaregenerallyidentifiedtospeciesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
A. acombinationofgenetic,biochemical,andmicroscopicapproaches*
N
B. acombinationofmicroscopicandphysiologicalapproaches,butnotgenetics
C. primarilycharacteristicssuchasmotilitythat canbevisualizedusingmicroscopy
N B
D. primarilymorphologicalcharacteristicsofindividualcells
Difficulty: Moderate
ASMStandard:34,36
* =Correct
answerMultiple
Choice
1. Whichof thefollowing is true of the microbial world?
A. Allmicrobesareharmful.
B. Humans could survive without microbes.
B B
C. Manymicrobes are helpful.*
D. Most microbes arepathogenic.
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard: 23, 24
2. Whichofthe following is when humans first suspected theexistence of microbes?
B
A. during theIndustrial Revolution
B. in prehistoric times*
C. in the last century
D. within the last500 years
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:23
3. Whichindividualfirstobservedunicellularorganisms, whichhe called
“animalcules,” using a microscope he developed?
A. Robert Koch
B
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Thucydides
D. Antonievan Leeuwenhoek*
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:6
4. To reduce the risk of openflamefrom Bunsen burners,microbiologists are
B
increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop
sterilization of small pieces of equipment?
A. autoclaves
B. ethyleneoxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:36
,5. TheSwedishbotanist knownforhavingdeveloped animportant biological
classification system is which of the following people?
A. Ernst Haeckel
B
B. Carolus Linnaeus*
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Robert Whittaker
B
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
6. Whichkingdom wasthe onlyone found in Empire Prokaryota?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
7. Whicharethe three currentlyaccepted domains?
A. Archaea, Bacteria, andEukarya*
B. Archaea,Prokaryota, andEukaryota
C. Bacteria,Fungi,and Protista
D. Bacteria,Prokaryota, and Eukarya
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
8. Whichtwo taxonomicunits are typicallyusedto identify anorganism when using
binomial nomenclature?
A. domainandkingdom
B. genus and family
C. genus and species*
D. phylum and class
Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
9. Whichofthefollowing is not true about the process of fermentation?
B
A. It canhelp preserve foods,preventing spoilage.
B. It converts sugars toorganic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide.
B
C. Itis carried outexclusivelyby unicellular eukaryotes suchas yeast.*
D. It is used to make foods such as cheeseandbread.
Difficulty: Moderate
ASMStandard: 11, 23, 26
,10. TheRomansmayhavereducedtheirrisk ofwaterborneinfectiousdiseasesbyusing
which of the following?
A. avarietyofpharmaceuticalproducts
B. aqueductsandasewersystem*
N N
C. prophylacticantibiotics
D. quarantineofpeoplewithleprosy
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23
11. ForwhichofthefollowingisThucydidesknown?
N
A. developinganeffectivesewersystem inancient
Greece,helpingtoreduce levels of disease in cities
B. observingmicrobes,usingamicroscope,forthefirst time,evendistinguishing
between bacteria and fungi
C. proposingthat diseasewascausedbymicroorganisms
N B N
D. realizingthat people whohadbeeninfectedbytheAthenianplaguehad
immunity to reinfection*
Difficulty: Moderate
ASMStandard:23,31
12. ErnstHaeckelproposedaclassificationsystemconsistingofwhichofthe
followingsubgroups?
A. fivekingdoms
B. fourkingdoms*
C. twodomainsandthreekingdoms
D. twodomainsandfivekingdoms
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
13. Virusesnot includedinphylogenetictreesforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
N
A. Iti st oodifficulttoobservetheircharacteristics.
N N
B. Theyareacellularandnonliving.*
C. Theydonot haveanygenes,whichpreventsgenetic analysis.
B
D. Theylackanucleus.
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard: 5
14. Whichi sthebest descriptionoftheprimarypurposeofaphylogeny?
N
A. Phylogeniesshowallthealterativenamesforeachspecies.
B. Phylogeniesshowallthecommonnamesforeachspecies.
C. Phylogeniesshowevolutionaryrelatednessbetween organisms.*
, D. Phylogeniesshowinteractionsbetweenspeciesinasharedhabitat.
N
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard: 5
15. Currentphylogeneticanalysesincludewhichofthefollowing?
N
A. informationfromarangeofsources,includingmorphological,genetic,and
biochemicaldata*
B. informationonvisiblesimilaritiesonly
C. informationregardinghowtoclassifyorganismsonthebasisofexternal
morphological characteristics and visible behaviors
D. variedmorphologicalandstructuralcharacteristics,withpreferenceforleaving
historical classifications to prevent confusion
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard: 5
16. Diatomsareclassifiedwithinwhichofthefollowingdomains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
17. Horizontalgenetransferinvolveswhichofthefollowing?
A. anytransferofgenesinalaboratorysetting
B. thetransferofgenesfroma virustoabacteriumorviceversabut notany
other form of gene transfer
C. the transferofgenesfromonei ndividualtoanother,
N N
includingfromone speciestoanother,butnotfromparenttooffspring*
N
D. thetransferofgenesfromparentt ooffspring
N
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:2,4
18. Bacteriaaregenerallyidentifiedtospeciesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
A. acombinationofgenetic,biochemical,andmicroscopicapproaches*
N
B. acombinationofmicroscopicandphysiologicalapproaches,butnotgenetics
C. primarilycharacteristicssuchasmotilitythat canbevisualizedusingmicroscopy
N B
D. primarilymorphologicalcharacteristicsofindividualcells
Difficulty: Moderate
ASMStandard:34,36
