NURS 280 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
what are the 6 gender options discussed in class - Answers girl/woman, boy/man, gender
fluid/non-binary/gender nonconforming, trans (not a gender but an option to change gender),
femme/masc (pick type of lesbian woman), two-spirit
what does it mean to be femme or masc - Answers performing gender in a way that is different
from a typical man or women
two-spirit - Answers someone of aboriginal identity that usually means 2 genders or a range of
genders -> or range of who you are attracted to
-traditionally they were powerful and held important roles in Cree community (lost that after
colonization -> followed rules of colonizers)
transitioning - Answers in Canada, have the right to express gender in any way we wish
(includes transitioning)
2 ways to transition - Answers social transition and gender affirming clinical care
what ways of transition are common - Answers -most people don't get surgery and are validated
by social transition
-minors do not get gender affirming surgery
-minors can be prescribed puberty hormones that phase puberty to allow them to make a
decision w a doctor and counsellor to start hormones and transition
examples of social transition - Answers new name, haircut, clothes, pronouns
examples of gender affirming clinical care - Answers hormones, upper surgery, lower surgery,
other feminizing and masculinizing procedures (can be paid for by BC MSP but long wait)
what are some resources for the trans community - Answers world professional association for
transgender health (WPATH), trans care BC, Canadian professional association for transgender
health
how do we know our gender - Answers bodies, socialization and internal sense of self
(challenged or validated)
bodies - Answers -gender assigned at birth based on external genitals
-should only tell us sex but gender often inferred from it
socialization - Answers -begins at birth
-reinforced thru roles & expectations
,-validation & punishment (ppl feel strongly abt rules of socialization of gender: ppl validated for
following the rules and punished (higher risk of violence, homelessness, etc.) for not)
-overt & subtle
internal sense of self - Answers -solidifies btw 18-36 months (but can change/grow thruout
lifespan)
-evident or hidden
-challenged or validated
-most common experience: break some of the rules but not all, internal sense of self aligns
how did cori's story challenge idea of gender - Answers they did not fill in the gender of their
baby when registering them, and took it to court and now you can change gender from female,
male or X, which leaves more choices for the baby
how do our bodies tell us about gender - Answers based on our genitals, gonads, sex
chromosomes, hormones
when was gender identity and expression protected in the human rights act - Answers 2017
(prohibits discrimination against gender identity)
which laws protects people form discrimination by gender expression and sexual orientation -
Answers human rights act, criminal code hate propaganda, BC human rights code
supports and best practices for queer youth (SERAVIC, BC) - Answers -schools identified by
queer youth as potential safe havens
-providing gender-neutral bathrooms makes them feel safer at schools
-trans students in BC who reported feeling connected to school were 2x as likely to report
good/excellent mental health
-schools w established GSAs/anti-homophobic bullying policies have lower odds of
discrimination, suicidal thoughts, and attempts among queer AND straight students
-screening Out in Schools LGBTQ film program reduces social exclusion and teasing among het
and lesbian/bisexual female students
-displaying queer friendly symbols helps improve queer youth's self esteem and fosters sense
of belonging
having a GSA in place for more than 3 years can reduce: - Answers -LGB girls and het boys
suicide attempts
-fewer youth w substance abuse issues and fewer straight males binge drinking
, -lower LGB suicidal ideation
-improves safety and wellbeing of all students (900 of which are het, 70 mostly het, 30 LGB)
how much does a school GSA cost and how much can it save - Answers costs about $1000 a
year (to sponsor teacher or PHN) and can save $183,000 in health care costs
what is muffing - Answers Muffing is the sexual stimulation of the inguinal canals, often
explored by trans women or non-binary people, especially after an orchiectomy.
Describe the R v. Ewanchuk 1999 case - Answers older man ran an interview in his trailer and
sexually assaulted a younger women even after saying no, this case defined consent in
Canadian law and ruled that there was no such thing as presumed consent: have to seek
consent, and consent must be clear (doesn't have to be verbal but have to know)
non-consensual sex crime name - Answers called "sexual assault" not "rape"
what were some of the reasons the Ewanchuk tried - Answers the women had a child and had
sex before so it was deemed insignificant, the women dressed provocatively for her interview
how do we define sexual consent in Canada - Answers Consent must be:
Freely given (not coerced, manipulated, or forced)
Given actively, not presumed (by silence, past relationships, or the absence of a "no") -> have to
seek it
Ongoing (can be withdrawn at any time during the sexual activity)
what are some examples of non-verbal consent - Answers participation, leaning towards partner
and feeling interested
at what age are you legally able to consent to sexual activity - Answers 16 (changed from 14),
this is the age the govt believes ppl are the boss of their body and can make sexual decisions =
age of protection
does a 16 yo have a right to have sex - Answers yes
can sometimes not access this right (ie. parents opinions, living at home)
why was age of consent increased in Canada - Answers conservative govt rallied behind incr (14
->16) because said that girls all over the country were recruited into sex work and police could
not stop them "protect the girls"
3 types of sex that <18 cannot consent to - Answers 1. sex w someone who is in a position of
an institutional authority (coach, teacher, religious leader, boss) -> even if legal can break rules
of institution (statutory rape is American)
what are the 6 gender options discussed in class - Answers girl/woman, boy/man, gender
fluid/non-binary/gender nonconforming, trans (not a gender but an option to change gender),
femme/masc (pick type of lesbian woman), two-spirit
what does it mean to be femme or masc - Answers performing gender in a way that is different
from a typical man or women
two-spirit - Answers someone of aboriginal identity that usually means 2 genders or a range of
genders -> or range of who you are attracted to
-traditionally they were powerful and held important roles in Cree community (lost that after
colonization -> followed rules of colonizers)
transitioning - Answers in Canada, have the right to express gender in any way we wish
(includes transitioning)
2 ways to transition - Answers social transition and gender affirming clinical care
what ways of transition are common - Answers -most people don't get surgery and are validated
by social transition
-minors do not get gender affirming surgery
-minors can be prescribed puberty hormones that phase puberty to allow them to make a
decision w a doctor and counsellor to start hormones and transition
examples of social transition - Answers new name, haircut, clothes, pronouns
examples of gender affirming clinical care - Answers hormones, upper surgery, lower surgery,
other feminizing and masculinizing procedures (can be paid for by BC MSP but long wait)
what are some resources for the trans community - Answers world professional association for
transgender health (WPATH), trans care BC, Canadian professional association for transgender
health
how do we know our gender - Answers bodies, socialization and internal sense of self
(challenged or validated)
bodies - Answers -gender assigned at birth based on external genitals
-should only tell us sex but gender often inferred from it
socialization - Answers -begins at birth
-reinforced thru roles & expectations
,-validation & punishment (ppl feel strongly abt rules of socialization of gender: ppl validated for
following the rules and punished (higher risk of violence, homelessness, etc.) for not)
-overt & subtle
internal sense of self - Answers -solidifies btw 18-36 months (but can change/grow thruout
lifespan)
-evident or hidden
-challenged or validated
-most common experience: break some of the rules but not all, internal sense of self aligns
how did cori's story challenge idea of gender - Answers they did not fill in the gender of their
baby when registering them, and took it to court and now you can change gender from female,
male or X, which leaves more choices for the baby
how do our bodies tell us about gender - Answers based on our genitals, gonads, sex
chromosomes, hormones
when was gender identity and expression protected in the human rights act - Answers 2017
(prohibits discrimination against gender identity)
which laws protects people form discrimination by gender expression and sexual orientation -
Answers human rights act, criminal code hate propaganda, BC human rights code
supports and best practices for queer youth (SERAVIC, BC) - Answers -schools identified by
queer youth as potential safe havens
-providing gender-neutral bathrooms makes them feel safer at schools
-trans students in BC who reported feeling connected to school were 2x as likely to report
good/excellent mental health
-schools w established GSAs/anti-homophobic bullying policies have lower odds of
discrimination, suicidal thoughts, and attempts among queer AND straight students
-screening Out in Schools LGBTQ film program reduces social exclusion and teasing among het
and lesbian/bisexual female students
-displaying queer friendly symbols helps improve queer youth's self esteem and fosters sense
of belonging
having a GSA in place for more than 3 years can reduce: - Answers -LGB girls and het boys
suicide attempts
-fewer youth w substance abuse issues and fewer straight males binge drinking
, -lower LGB suicidal ideation
-improves safety and wellbeing of all students (900 of which are het, 70 mostly het, 30 LGB)
how much does a school GSA cost and how much can it save - Answers costs about $1000 a
year (to sponsor teacher or PHN) and can save $183,000 in health care costs
what is muffing - Answers Muffing is the sexual stimulation of the inguinal canals, often
explored by trans women or non-binary people, especially after an orchiectomy.
Describe the R v. Ewanchuk 1999 case - Answers older man ran an interview in his trailer and
sexually assaulted a younger women even after saying no, this case defined consent in
Canadian law and ruled that there was no such thing as presumed consent: have to seek
consent, and consent must be clear (doesn't have to be verbal but have to know)
non-consensual sex crime name - Answers called "sexual assault" not "rape"
what were some of the reasons the Ewanchuk tried - Answers the women had a child and had
sex before so it was deemed insignificant, the women dressed provocatively for her interview
how do we define sexual consent in Canada - Answers Consent must be:
Freely given (not coerced, manipulated, or forced)
Given actively, not presumed (by silence, past relationships, or the absence of a "no") -> have to
seek it
Ongoing (can be withdrawn at any time during the sexual activity)
what are some examples of non-verbal consent - Answers participation, leaning towards partner
and feeling interested
at what age are you legally able to consent to sexual activity - Answers 16 (changed from 14),
this is the age the govt believes ppl are the boss of their body and can make sexual decisions =
age of protection
does a 16 yo have a right to have sex - Answers yes
can sometimes not access this right (ie. parents opinions, living at home)
why was age of consent increased in Canada - Answers conservative govt rallied behind incr (14
->16) because said that girls all over the country were recruited into sex work and police could
not stop them "protect the girls"
3 types of sex that <18 cannot consent to - Answers 1. sex w someone who is in a position of
an institutional authority (coach, teacher, religious leader, boss) -> even if legal can break rules
of institution (statutory rape is American)
