ACCURATE 2025/2026
Calibration Error - ANSWERMeasurement instruments are not perfect.
Ex: linearity and sensitivity errors
data acquisition error - ANSWERprocedure can affect reasings obtained
Ex: Sequential Vs Random Sampling
Data Analysis Error - ANSWERMeasurment does not usually provide desired value
Ex: curve fit has confidence interval
Design stage uncertainity - ANSWEREquipment Selected
Advanced Stage Uncertainity - ANSWERProcedures chosen
Design Stage Uncertainity - ANSWERThis initial analysis is performed before
ameasurement is made
• Helps in the selection of measurement equipment and gives you an idea of the total
uncertainty that might exist in the measurements to be taken (without uncertainty
from random fluctuations)•
Two uncertainty components in this stage:zero-order and instrument
Zero-order uncertainity(Design uncertainity) - ANSWERAnalog
+/- 1/2 resolution (95%)
digital
+/- 1 resolution (95%)
Instrument Uncertainity (Design Uncertainity) - ANSWERAre determined from
manufactureres specifications.
Design-Stage Uncertainity - ANSWERu_d = sqrt(U_0^2+U_C^2)