Unit II LCC Chem 151 Exam With Actual Questions And Correctly Well Defined Answers.

Water Solubility Rules: Nitrate and Acetate Salts. e.g. KNO3, potassium nitrate. LiC2H3O2, lithium acetate - correct answers All Nitrates and Acetates are soluble in water. Water Solubility Rules: Group I Salts and Ammonium Salts. e.g. NH4F, ammonium fluoride. NaCl, sodium chloride. - correct answers All Group I Salts and Ammonium Salts are soluble in water. Water Solubility Rules: Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Salts. e.g. AgCl, silver chloride. KBr, potassium bromide. - correct answers All Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Salts are soluble in water EXCEPT when compounded with Ag (silver), Pb II (lead 2), and Hg I (mercury 1). Water Solubility Rules: Sulfate Salts. e.g. MgSO4, magnesium sulfate. - correct answers All Sulfate Salts are soluble in water EXCEPT when compounded with Ag (silver), Pb II (lead 2), and Hg I (mercury 1). Water Solubility Rules: Hydroxides. e.g. Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide. NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide. AgOH, silver hydroxide. - correct answers All Hydroxides are INSOLUBLE in water EXCEPT when compounded with Group 1 alkali metals or Ammonium. Barium hydroxide, Strontium hydroxide, and Calcium hydroxide all are marginally soluble in water. Water Solubility Rules: Sulfide and Carbonate Salts. e.g. CaS, calcium sulfide. MgCO3, magnesium carbonate. - correct answers All Sulfide and Carbonate Salts are insoluble in water EXCEPT when compounded with Group 1 alkali metals or Ammonium. What is the Theoretical Yield? - correct answers The amount of product that should be formed when the limiting reagent acts completely What is the Actual Yield? - correct answers The measured amount of product formed during an experiment What is the formula for Percent Yield? - correct answers Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield • 100% shows the efficiency of a reaction. Who discovered and defined electrolytes? - correct answers Arrhenius What is an electrolyte? - correct answers an electrolyte is an aqueous solution that conducts electricity, meaning ions are present in solution. What are the three subsets of electrolytes? Give an example, and the criteria for each. - correct answers Strong, Weak, and Non-electrolytes. Strong electrolytes are aqueous solutions that are completely ionized and conduct electricity very well. Strong electrolytes include: Strong Acids: HNO3, HCl(aq), H2SO4 Strong Bases: NaOH(aq), KOH(aq) Soluble Salts: NaCl(aq) Weak electrolytes are aqueous solutions that are partly ionized and conduct electricity to a small extent. Weak electrolytes include: Weak Acids: Acetic Acid Weak Bases: NH3(aq) Non-electrolytes are aqueous solutions that do not form ions and do not conduct electricity. Non-electrolytes would include things like Sucrose(aq) or pure H2O What is the Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic equation for Silver Nitrate and Ammonium Chloride's reaction? - correct answers Molecular: AgNO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NH4NO3(aq) Complete Ionic: Ag^+1(aq) + NO3^-1(aq) + NH4^1+(aq) + Cl^1-(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NH4^1+(aq) + NO3^-1(aq) Net Ionic: Ag^+1(aq) + Cl^1-(aq) -> AgCl(s) What are the ways to measure concentration of a solution? - correct answers% composition by mass or Molarity. What is Molarity? (and in what units) - correct answers Molarity is the amount of moles of the solute within the volume of the solution. ( 1 M of solution = 1 mol solute / 1 L of solution) True or False: Molarity of the concentrate • Volume of the concentrate = Molarity of the dilute • Volume of the dilute - correct answers True, this stems from the idea that in any equation (without a chemical reaction) that the n (number of moles) of the concentrate is still the same after you dilute the solution. If there are 6 moles of HCl in 10 L of water, and you add 5 more L of water, then there are still 6 moles of HCl. What is Titration? - correct answers Titration is the neutralization of an acid or base using the opposite of it. (acid neutralized by base, base by acid) What is the equivalence point and the relevance? - correct answersThe equivalence point is the point at which both reactants in a chemical reaction have the same number of moles. What is the definition and formula for pressure? - correct answers P = F/A Pressure (P) is the amount of Force (F) applied to a specific area (A). What is a Barometer and how does it work? - correct answers A barometer is an apparatus that measures pressure. It measures pressure by being filled with a dense liquid (e.g. Mercury, this is used because it increases the accuracy and precision of the measurement) put up to a scale. Gravity will push the liquid in the airtight container creating a vacuum. The size of the vacuum (length) is used to indicate the measure of pressure. What are the units of pressure? - correct answers1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mmHg = 101,325 Pa What is Boyle's Law? - correct answers PV = k, V = k/P, P = V/k, P1•V1 = P2•V2 The volume (V) of a fixed quantity of gas at a constant temperature (k) is inversely proportional to it's pressure (P). What is Charles' Law? - correct answers V=kT, V/T=k, V1/T1 = V2/T2 If pressure is held constant (k), then the volume (V) of a fixed quantity of gas is equal to its absolute temperature (T). ****** ***T must be in Kelvin*** What is Avogadro's Law? - correct answers V=kn, V/n=k, V1/n1 = V2/n2 If temperature and pressure are both held constant (k) then the volume (V) is directly proportional to the number of moles (n) What is the Ideal Gas Law, and what Laws does it combine? - correct answers Boyle's, Charles', and Avogadro's Laws are combined to form the Ideal Gas Law. PV = nRT R = the Ideal Gas constant, and has the units: L•atm/K•mol What is the Combined Gas Law? - correct answers provided n and R are constants (R always is constant when dealing in ideal gases) PV/T = k, so P1•V1/T1 = P2•V2/T2 If we know the Molar mass(µ) of a substance and the density (d), along with the Pressure (P), how could we find the Temperature? - correct answersWe know Pµ=dRT so, to find temperature, we would adjust the equation to make T alone. Therefore T = Pµ/dR (