, TESTBANK for What is Psychology Foundations,
Applications, and Integration , 5th Edition Ellen E.
Pastorino
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
1. Which of the following is a goal of psychological research?
a. to stop behavior
b. to predict behavior
c. to categorize behavior
d. to organize behavior
ANSWER: b
2. The scientific method is best described as:
a. a simple tool for identifying phenomena and generating research questions.
b. the study of behavior and mental processes.
c. a systematic process used by psychologists for testing hypotheses about behavior.
d. the main process used to make observations about how people think.
ANSWER: c
3. The idea that humans only use 10% of their brains is an example of what?
a. a demonstration of critical thinking
b. pseudopsychology
c. a result of the scientific method
d. the application of a theory
ANSWER: b
4. What process involves evaluating and analyzing information and applying it to other situations?
a. critical thinking
b. scientific method
c. psychology
d. hypothesis testing
ANSWER: a
5. Dr. Nguyen wants to compare the effects of sleep deprivation on students. Which of the following methods would be
most effective?
a. case study
b. quasi-experimental
c. naturalistic observation
d. experimental
ANSWER: d
6. A teacher wants to see whether middle school students with good grades on spelling tests are also good at math tests.
Which of the following methods would be the most effective tool for determining whether there is a relationship between
spelling test performance and math ability?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. quasi-experimental
d. experimental
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
7. Mary is conducting an experiment to study the effect of caffeine on test scores. What kind of variable is caffeine in this
study?
a. independent
b. dependent
c. confounding
d. experimental
ANSWER: a
8. A research psychiatrist wants to determine whether patients who have high scores on a measure of depression also have
high anxiety scores. Which of the following methods would be the most effective tool for determining whether there is a
relationship between depression and anxiety?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. quasi-experimental
d. experimental
ANSWER: b
9. John is conducting a quasi-experiment to examine the effects of smoking on lung health. What kind of variable is lung
health in this study?
a. independent
b. dependent
c. confounding
d. experimental
ANSWER: b
10. In a study on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive ability, Zoey hypothesizes that engagement in
physical activity will predict scores on an IQ test. She randomly assigns participants to spend five days participating in an
exercise program or five days relaxing at home. She also asks participants to report how well they slept each night during
the study so she can control for it later. Which of the following is the independent variable in this study?
a. physical activity
b. IQ test scores
c. hours slept
d. cognitive ability
ANSWER: a
11. In a study on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive ability, Zoey hypothesizes that engagement in
physical activity will predict scores on an IQ test. She randomly assigns participants to spend five days participating in an
exercise program or five days relaxing at home. She also asks participants to report how well they slept each night during
the study so she can control for it later. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study?
a. physical activity
b. IQ test scores
c. hours slept
d. sleep quality
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
12. Taylor is interested in studying whether physical activity has an effect on cognitive ability, and plans to control for
how well participants sleep every night. What is the confounding variable?
a. physical activity
b. IQ test scores
c. hours slept
d. cognitive ability
ANSWER: c
13. A correlation of +1.00 indicates:
a. a perfect, positive correlation.
b. a strong, negative correlation.
c. a weak, positive correlation.
d. a strong, positive correlation.
ANSWER: a
14. A variable that a researcher would want to "control for" is known as:
a. a quasi-experimental variable.
b. a dependent variable.
c. a confounding variable.
d. an experimental variable.
ANSWER: c
15. The scientific process that ensures there are no differences among groups of participants is known as:
a. an experiment.
b. random assignment.
c. correlation.
d. random sampling.
ANSWER: b
16. A correlation of 0.00 indicates:
a. a weak, positive correlation.
b. no relationship between two variables.
c. a perfect correlation.
d. a weak, negative correlation.
ANSWER: b
17. The scientific process that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being selected is known as:
a. an experiment.
b. random assignment.
c. correlation.
d. random sampling.
ANSWER: d
18. An inverse relationship between two variables is demonstrated by:
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
a. a perfect correlation.
b. a negative correlation.
c. a positive correlation.
d. a zero correlation.
ANSWER: b
19. Which of the following is true about scientific population sampling?
a. A sample should not be representative.
b. A convenience sample is most generalizable.
c. It is often impossible to sample the whole population of interest.
d. Random sampling increases sample bias.
ANSWER: c
20. Anthony found an inverse relationship between the amount of parties a student attended during a semester and their
final grades in the course, such that more frequent party attendance was associated with worse final grades. Which of the
following values would best reflect the relationship he found between party attendance and final course grades?
a. −0.53
b. 0
c. 0.75
d. 0.98
ANSWER: a
21. Asa was unable to find a relationship between physical activity habits and scores on an intelligence test. Which of the
following correlation coefficients best characterizes this relationship?
a. −1.00
b. −0.50
c. 0
d. 0.5
ANSWER: c
22. Jennifer found a correlation of 0.76 between self-esteem and GPA. Which of the following can be said about the
relationship between self-esteem and GPA?
a. Increased self-esteem leads students to do better in class.
b. Improved GPAs boost students' self-esteem.
c. There is an association between self-esteem and GPA.
d. Self-esteem and GPA are unrelated.
ANSWER: c
23. The correlation between ice cream sales and homicide rates has been used as an example of how correlation does not
imply causation. What is one reason why we should be hesitant to conclude that ice cream is somehow related to murder?
a. We need to design an experiment to test the relationship.
b. A confounding variable likely exists that could explain the relationship.
c. We need a larger sample size to prove causality.
d. This study did not use random sampling to recruit participants.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
ANSWER: b
24. What is one advantage over surveys that case studies can provide?
a. They can be used to ask a lot of questions to a large group of people.
b. They provide detailed information on one person or setting.
c. They allow for causal conclusions.
d. They generalize to other people or settings.
ANSWER: b
25. What conclusions can you draw from experimental research?
a. a description of behavior as it typically occurs in the natural environment
b. detailed information about a specific individual
c. an explanation of the mechanisms driving human behavior
d. whether a causal relationship may exist between two variables
ANSWER: d
26. What type of hypothesis makes an educated guess about the relationships among variables?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. untestable
d. research question
ANSWER: a
27. What type of hypothesis makes an educated guess about how one variable will influence another variable?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. untestable
d. research question
ANSWER: b
28. What is one limitation of the experimental method?
a. limited control of variables
b. cannot demonstrate cause and effect
c. does not use random assignment
d. for ethical or practical reasons, some variables cannot be tested
ANSWER: d
29. Jacob wondered whether Floridians were more likely to return a lost wallet than New Yorkers. So, he set up a camera
and had a confederate drop her wallet in the middle of a busy street in each city. Results indicated that Floridians were
more likely to give the wallet back to the confederate than New Yorkers. What type of method does this study employ?
a. naturalistic observation
b. case study
c. survey
d. experimental
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
ANSWER: a
30. A variable that is manipulated to identify a potential cause-and-effect relationship in an experiment is referred to as:
a. an independent variable.
b. a dependent variable.
c. a confounding variable.
d. an experimental variable.
ANSWER: a
31. The placebo effect occurs when:
a. changes occur simply because participants expect them to.
b. changes do not occur because participants do not believe in the experiment.
c. the experimenter is blind to study conditions.
d. the participant is blind to study conditions.
ANSWER: a
32. The term generalizability refers to:
a. how well a researcher's findings apply to other contexts.
b. the relationship between variables.
c. the process of simplifying research findings.
d. replication of a study in a new population.
ANSWER: a
33. What characteristic of a study determines how generalizable the results will be?
a. the extent to which the sample is representative
b. the use of random assignment
c. the manipulation of an independent variable
d. the extent to which confounding variables are controlled for
ANSWER: a
34. What is one reason why it is beneficial for a study to be generalizable?
a. It greatly reduces the need for replication.
b. It makes the data easier to collect.
c. It allows us to draw more conclusions from the results.
d. It makes the findings easier to replicate.
ANSWER: c
35. What is the purpose of a control group?
a. to manipulate the dependent variable
b. to manipulate the independent variable
c. to prevent placebo bias
d. to serve as a baseline comparison for the manipulation of an independent variable
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
36. Which of the following is an advantage that is specific to a double-blind study?
a. An experimental group can be compared to a control group.
b. The placebo effect is less likely to occur.
c. Experimenter bias is controlled for.
d. The results are more generalizable.
ANSWER: c
37. What is the purpose of a double-blind study design?
a. to prevent experimenter bias
b. to control for the placebo effect
c. to allow for a control group
d. to manipulate the independent variable
ANSWER: a
38. Who is "blind" in a double-blind study design?
a. everyone involved in the study
b. the experimenter
c. the participants
d. both the experimenter and participants
ANSWER: d
39. Robin wants to examine the effects of caffeine on students' test scores, and randomly assigns participants to drink two
cups of coffee or two cups of water before a math test. Participants who were assigned to drink coffee are in what group?
a. experimental
b. placebo
c. quasi-experimental
d. control
ANSWER: a
40. What does it mean to be "blind" in a double-blind study design?
a. to not know who is receiving a placebo and who is receiving the treatment
b. to not know what manipulation is being tested
c. to be unaware of the study's hypotheses
d. to be unaware of purpose of the experiment
ANSWER: a
41. In a study on emotions, participants are randomly assigned to watch either a happy or a sad short-film and then asked
to complete a puzzle while being timed. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?
a. the emotions participants felt
b. the type of film the participants watched
c. the length of time it took participants to solve the puzzle
d. the participants' ability to solve the puzzle
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
42. Students who score well on the SAT will have better grades in college. This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. valid
d. testable
ANSWER: a
43. Students who attend class will have better grades in their course. This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. valid
d. testable
ANSWER: a
44. Students who attend a new speed-reading seminar will read faster than those who attend the old reading workshop.
This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. valid
d. testable
ANSWER: b
45. A study that aims to examine gender differences in visual perception would most likely use which method?
a. correlational
b. experimental
c. naturalistic observation
d. quasi-experimental
ANSWER: d
46. A study that aims to examine cross-cultural differences in math ability would most likely use which method?
a. correlational
b. experimental
c. naturalistic observation
d. quasi-experimental
ANSWER: d
47. Baz found a correlation of 0.56 between students' level of extraversion and the time they spent participating in class
discussion. How should they interpret this finding?
a. Students with high extraversion scores spent more time speaking.
b. Extraversion causes students to speak more.
c. Speaking more in class raises students’ extraversion scores.
d. Students with low extraversion scores spent more time speaking.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
Applications, and Integration , 5th Edition Ellen E.
Pastorino
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
1. Which of the following is a goal of psychological research?
a. to stop behavior
b. to predict behavior
c. to categorize behavior
d. to organize behavior
ANSWER: b
2. The scientific method is best described as:
a. a simple tool for identifying phenomena and generating research questions.
b. the study of behavior and mental processes.
c. a systematic process used by psychologists for testing hypotheses about behavior.
d. the main process used to make observations about how people think.
ANSWER: c
3. The idea that humans only use 10% of their brains is an example of what?
a. a demonstration of critical thinking
b. pseudopsychology
c. a result of the scientific method
d. the application of a theory
ANSWER: b
4. What process involves evaluating and analyzing information and applying it to other situations?
a. critical thinking
b. scientific method
c. psychology
d. hypothesis testing
ANSWER: a
5. Dr. Nguyen wants to compare the effects of sleep deprivation on students. Which of the following methods would be
most effective?
a. case study
b. quasi-experimental
c. naturalistic observation
d. experimental
ANSWER: d
6. A teacher wants to see whether middle school students with good grades on spelling tests are also good at math tests.
Which of the following methods would be the most effective tool for determining whether there is a relationship between
spelling test performance and math ability?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. quasi-experimental
d. experimental
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
7. Mary is conducting an experiment to study the effect of caffeine on test scores. What kind of variable is caffeine in this
study?
a. independent
b. dependent
c. confounding
d. experimental
ANSWER: a
8. A research psychiatrist wants to determine whether patients who have high scores on a measure of depression also have
high anxiety scores. Which of the following methods would be the most effective tool for determining whether there is a
relationship between depression and anxiety?
a. case study
b. correlational
c. quasi-experimental
d. experimental
ANSWER: b
9. John is conducting a quasi-experiment to examine the effects of smoking on lung health. What kind of variable is lung
health in this study?
a. independent
b. dependent
c. confounding
d. experimental
ANSWER: b
10. In a study on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive ability, Zoey hypothesizes that engagement in
physical activity will predict scores on an IQ test. She randomly assigns participants to spend five days participating in an
exercise program or five days relaxing at home. She also asks participants to report how well they slept each night during
the study so she can control for it later. Which of the following is the independent variable in this study?
a. physical activity
b. IQ test scores
c. hours slept
d. cognitive ability
ANSWER: a
11. In a study on the relationship between physical activity and cognitive ability, Zoey hypothesizes that engagement in
physical activity will predict scores on an IQ test. She randomly assigns participants to spend five days participating in an
exercise program or five days relaxing at home. She also asks participants to report how well they slept each night during
the study so she can control for it later. Which of the following is the dependent variable in this study?
a. physical activity
b. IQ test scores
c. hours slept
d. sleep quality
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
12. Taylor is interested in studying whether physical activity has an effect on cognitive ability, and plans to control for
how well participants sleep every night. What is the confounding variable?
a. physical activity
b. IQ test scores
c. hours slept
d. cognitive ability
ANSWER: c
13. A correlation of +1.00 indicates:
a. a perfect, positive correlation.
b. a strong, negative correlation.
c. a weak, positive correlation.
d. a strong, positive correlation.
ANSWER: a
14. A variable that a researcher would want to "control for" is known as:
a. a quasi-experimental variable.
b. a dependent variable.
c. a confounding variable.
d. an experimental variable.
ANSWER: c
15. The scientific process that ensures there are no differences among groups of participants is known as:
a. an experiment.
b. random assignment.
c. correlation.
d. random sampling.
ANSWER: b
16. A correlation of 0.00 indicates:
a. a weak, positive correlation.
b. no relationship between two variables.
c. a perfect correlation.
d. a weak, negative correlation.
ANSWER: b
17. The scientific process that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being selected is known as:
a. an experiment.
b. random assignment.
c. correlation.
d. random sampling.
ANSWER: d
18. An inverse relationship between two variables is demonstrated by:
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
a. a perfect correlation.
b. a negative correlation.
c. a positive correlation.
d. a zero correlation.
ANSWER: b
19. Which of the following is true about scientific population sampling?
a. A sample should not be representative.
b. A convenience sample is most generalizable.
c. It is often impossible to sample the whole population of interest.
d. Random sampling increases sample bias.
ANSWER: c
20. Anthony found an inverse relationship between the amount of parties a student attended during a semester and their
final grades in the course, such that more frequent party attendance was associated with worse final grades. Which of the
following values would best reflect the relationship he found between party attendance and final course grades?
a. −0.53
b. 0
c. 0.75
d. 0.98
ANSWER: a
21. Asa was unable to find a relationship between physical activity habits and scores on an intelligence test. Which of the
following correlation coefficients best characterizes this relationship?
a. −1.00
b. −0.50
c. 0
d. 0.5
ANSWER: c
22. Jennifer found a correlation of 0.76 between self-esteem and GPA. Which of the following can be said about the
relationship between self-esteem and GPA?
a. Increased self-esteem leads students to do better in class.
b. Improved GPAs boost students' self-esteem.
c. There is an association between self-esteem and GPA.
d. Self-esteem and GPA are unrelated.
ANSWER: c
23. The correlation between ice cream sales and homicide rates has been used as an example of how correlation does not
imply causation. What is one reason why we should be hesitant to conclude that ice cream is somehow related to murder?
a. We need to design an experiment to test the relationship.
b. A confounding variable likely exists that could explain the relationship.
c. We need a larger sample size to prove causality.
d. This study did not use random sampling to recruit participants.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
ANSWER: b
24. What is one advantage over surveys that case studies can provide?
a. They can be used to ask a lot of questions to a large group of people.
b. They provide detailed information on one person or setting.
c. They allow for causal conclusions.
d. They generalize to other people or settings.
ANSWER: b
25. What conclusions can you draw from experimental research?
a. a description of behavior as it typically occurs in the natural environment
b. detailed information about a specific individual
c. an explanation of the mechanisms driving human behavior
d. whether a causal relationship may exist between two variables
ANSWER: d
26. What type of hypothesis makes an educated guess about the relationships among variables?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. untestable
d. research question
ANSWER: a
27. What type of hypothesis makes an educated guess about how one variable will influence another variable?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. untestable
d. research question
ANSWER: b
28. What is one limitation of the experimental method?
a. limited control of variables
b. cannot demonstrate cause and effect
c. does not use random assignment
d. for ethical or practical reasons, some variables cannot be tested
ANSWER: d
29. Jacob wondered whether Floridians were more likely to return a lost wallet than New Yorkers. So, he set up a camera
and had a confederate drop her wallet in the middle of a busy street in each city. Results indicated that Floridians were
more likely to give the wallet back to the confederate than New Yorkers. What type of method does this study employ?
a. naturalistic observation
b. case study
c. survey
d. experimental
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
ANSWER: a
30. A variable that is manipulated to identify a potential cause-and-effect relationship in an experiment is referred to as:
a. an independent variable.
b. a dependent variable.
c. a confounding variable.
d. an experimental variable.
ANSWER: a
31. The placebo effect occurs when:
a. changes occur simply because participants expect them to.
b. changes do not occur because participants do not believe in the experiment.
c. the experimenter is blind to study conditions.
d. the participant is blind to study conditions.
ANSWER: a
32. The term generalizability refers to:
a. how well a researcher's findings apply to other contexts.
b. the relationship between variables.
c. the process of simplifying research findings.
d. replication of a study in a new population.
ANSWER: a
33. What characteristic of a study determines how generalizable the results will be?
a. the extent to which the sample is representative
b. the use of random assignment
c. the manipulation of an independent variable
d. the extent to which confounding variables are controlled for
ANSWER: a
34. What is one reason why it is beneficial for a study to be generalizable?
a. It greatly reduces the need for replication.
b. It makes the data easier to collect.
c. It allows us to draw more conclusions from the results.
d. It makes the findings easier to replicate.
ANSWER: c
35. What is the purpose of a control group?
a. to manipulate the dependent variable
b. to manipulate the independent variable
c. to prevent placebo bias
d. to serve as a baseline comparison for the manipulation of an independent variable
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6
,Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
36. Which of the following is an advantage that is specific to a double-blind study?
a. An experimental group can be compared to a control group.
b. The placebo effect is less likely to occur.
c. Experimenter bias is controlled for.
d. The results are more generalizable.
ANSWER: c
37. What is the purpose of a double-blind study design?
a. to prevent experimenter bias
b. to control for the placebo effect
c. to allow for a control group
d. to manipulate the independent variable
ANSWER: a
38. Who is "blind" in a double-blind study design?
a. everyone involved in the study
b. the experimenter
c. the participants
d. both the experimenter and participants
ANSWER: d
39. Robin wants to examine the effects of caffeine on students' test scores, and randomly assigns participants to drink two
cups of coffee or two cups of water before a math test. Participants who were assigned to drink coffee are in what group?
a. experimental
b. placebo
c. quasi-experimental
d. control
ANSWER: a
40. What does it mean to be "blind" in a double-blind study design?
a. to not know who is receiving a placebo and who is receiving the treatment
b. to not know what manipulation is being tested
c. to be unaware of the study's hypotheses
d. to be unaware of purpose of the experiment
ANSWER: a
41. In a study on emotions, participants are randomly assigned to watch either a happy or a sad short-film and then asked
to complete a puzzle while being timed. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?
a. the emotions participants felt
b. the type of film the participants watched
c. the length of time it took participants to solve the puzzle
d. the participants' ability to solve the puzzle
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7
, Name: Class: Date:
Chapter 01: The Science of Psychology
42. Students who score well on the SAT will have better grades in college. This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. valid
d. testable
ANSWER: a
43. Students who attend class will have better grades in their course. This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. valid
d. testable
ANSWER: a
44. Students who attend a new speed-reading seminar will read faster than those who attend the old reading workshop.
This is an example of what type of hypothesis?
a. predictive
b. causal
c. valid
d. testable
ANSWER: b
45. A study that aims to examine gender differences in visual perception would most likely use which method?
a. correlational
b. experimental
c. naturalistic observation
d. quasi-experimental
ANSWER: d
46. A study that aims to examine cross-cultural differences in math ability would most likely use which method?
a. correlational
b. experimental
c. naturalistic observation
d. quasi-experimental
ANSWER: d
47. Baz found a correlation of 0.56 between students' level of extraversion and the time they spent participating in class
discussion. How should they interpret this finding?
a. Students with high extraversion scores spent more time speaking.
b. Extraversion causes students to speak more.
c. Speaking more in class raises students’ extraversion scores.
d. Students with low extraversion scores spent more time speaking.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8
