Typically follows a Group A Streptococcus (GAS)
What is Rheumatic Fever throat infection (strep throat).
Antibiotics (such as penicillin) to eradicate the
streptococcal infection. Anti-inflammatory medications
(e.g., aspirin or corticosteroids) to reduce
Treatment for Rheumatic inflammation in joints and the heart. Long-term
Fever antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrence.
Ensure compliance with antibiotic regimen to prevent
recurrence. Educate parents on signs of
Nursing Interventions for complications like carditis (inflammation of the heart).
Rheumatic Fever Teach importance of regular follow-up visits.
Carditis (inflammation of the heart) is a major
Complications of complication that can lead to chronic heart valve
Rheumatic Fever damage (rheumatic heart disease).
Symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils with
What is Strep Pharyngitis white patches, difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph
(Strep Throat) nodes, and headache.
Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, and peritonsillar
Complications of Strep
Pharyngitis abscess.
Treatment for Strep Antibiotics (usually penicillin or amoxicillin). Pain
management and fever reducers.
Pharyngitis
Complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent
Prevention of Strep complications.
Pharyngitis Complications
Nursing interventions include administering
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) respiratory treatments (e.g., bronchodilators,
Interventions mucolytics) to clear mucus from the lungs.
Provide pancreatic enzymes with meals to aid
Why do we use
Pancreatic Enzymes in CF digestion.
A technique to help loosen mucus in the lungs by
What does CPT (Chest
Physical Therapy) do clapping on the chest and back to dislodge mucus.
Positioning the patient so that gravity helps drain
What is Postural Drainage mucus from the lungs.
, Sweat chloride test (sweat test) is the gold standard
How to Diagnose Cystic for diagnosing CF. A high chloride level in the sweat is
Fibrosis diagnostic.
Symptoms include tachycardia, tachypnea,
Heart Failure in Children respiratory distress, fatigue, poor feeding, edema,
symptoms and hepatomegaly.
Administer medications (diuretics, ACE inhibitors,
Nursing Interventions for inotropes) to manage heart failure. Monitor vital signs
Heart Failure and oxygen saturation.
Explain the procedure, including the insertion of a
Cardiac Catheterization catheter into the heart to assess function and
Instructions structure.
Monitor for bleeding, infection, or complications at the
catheter insertion site. Keep the child's leg straight (if
Post-procedure Care for the catheter was inserted via femoral artery) for
Cardiac Catheterization several hours.
Hydration After Cardiac Encourage hydration to flush out the dye used during
Catheterization the procedure.
Keep the child calm to prevent increased respiratory
Laryngotracheobronchitis distress. Administer humidified air, and use
(Croup) Nursing corticosteroids (dexamethasone) to reduce airway
Interventions inflammation.
Improved respiratory effort, absence of stridor at rest,
How to Determine the and normal oxygen saturation.
Effectiveness of Croup
Treatment
High fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and a
Epiglottitis Symptoms 'tripod' position.
DO NOT attempt to examine the throat (may cause
Nursing Interventions for spasm or obstruction). Keep the child calm and
Epiglottitis ensure they have access to oxygen.
Both are spread via respiratory droplets. Precautions:
Mumps and Measles Implement droplet precautions for both conditions.
precautions
, A highly contagious bacterial infection causing severe
coughing fits, often ending in a 'whoop' sound during
What is Pertussis inhalation. Treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin)
(Whooping Cough)/ if caught early, supportive care for symptoms.
treatment
Hallmark Symptom: A 'slapped cheek' rash on the
Fifth Disease (Erythema face. Spread: Droplet transmission. Precautions:
Infectiosum) Droplet precautions.
Symptom/Precaution
Avoid Aspirin in children with febrile illnesses due to
Aspirin in Pediatric the risk of Reye's Syndrome, a rare but serious
Patients yes/no? why? condition affecting the liver and brain.
Prevention: Place babies on their backs to sleep.
SIDS (Sudden Infant Avoid soft bedding or pillows in the crib. Ensure the
Death Syndrome) baby sleeps in a smoke-free environment.
prevention
Ear Drops: Warm the drops to body temperature, and
Otitis Media and Otitis tilt the child's head so the ear canal is upright, then
Media with Effusion administer the prescribed amount.
medication administration
How to know if there is a Presence of drainage or pus coming from the ear.
Ruptured Eardrum
Nursing Interventions: Administer bronchodilators
(albuterol) and corticosteroids. Encourage the use of
a peak flow meter to monitor lung function. Educate
Asthma nursing parents on recognizing triggers and using inhalers
interventions properly.
Symptoms: Chest pain, fainting, fatigue. Treatment:
Aortic Stenosis symptoms Surgery to relieve obstruction.
Precautions: Contact and droplet precautions.
RSV (Respiratory Nursing Interventions: Provide humidified oxygen.
Syncytial Virus) Administer bronchodilators and/or steroids. Hydration
Precaution/Interventions and supportive care.
Symptoms: Wheezing, cough, difficulty breathing,
Bronchiolitis fever. Nursing Interventions: Oxygen therapy,
symptoms/Interventions suctioning, fluids, and supportive care.
What is Rheumatic Fever throat infection (strep throat).
Antibiotics (such as penicillin) to eradicate the
streptococcal infection. Anti-inflammatory medications
(e.g., aspirin or corticosteroids) to reduce
Treatment for Rheumatic inflammation in joints and the heart. Long-term
Fever antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrence.
Ensure compliance with antibiotic regimen to prevent
recurrence. Educate parents on signs of
Nursing Interventions for complications like carditis (inflammation of the heart).
Rheumatic Fever Teach importance of regular follow-up visits.
Carditis (inflammation of the heart) is a major
Complications of complication that can lead to chronic heart valve
Rheumatic Fever damage (rheumatic heart disease).
Symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils with
What is Strep Pharyngitis white patches, difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph
(Strep Throat) nodes, and headache.
Rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, and peritonsillar
Complications of Strep
Pharyngitis abscess.
Treatment for Strep Antibiotics (usually penicillin or amoxicillin). Pain
management and fever reducers.
Pharyngitis
Complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent
Prevention of Strep complications.
Pharyngitis Complications
Nursing interventions include administering
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) respiratory treatments (e.g., bronchodilators,
Interventions mucolytics) to clear mucus from the lungs.
Provide pancreatic enzymes with meals to aid
Why do we use
Pancreatic Enzymes in CF digestion.
A technique to help loosen mucus in the lungs by
What does CPT (Chest
Physical Therapy) do clapping on the chest and back to dislodge mucus.
Positioning the patient so that gravity helps drain
What is Postural Drainage mucus from the lungs.
, Sweat chloride test (sweat test) is the gold standard
How to Diagnose Cystic for diagnosing CF. A high chloride level in the sweat is
Fibrosis diagnostic.
Symptoms include tachycardia, tachypnea,
Heart Failure in Children respiratory distress, fatigue, poor feeding, edema,
symptoms and hepatomegaly.
Administer medications (diuretics, ACE inhibitors,
Nursing Interventions for inotropes) to manage heart failure. Monitor vital signs
Heart Failure and oxygen saturation.
Explain the procedure, including the insertion of a
Cardiac Catheterization catheter into the heart to assess function and
Instructions structure.
Monitor for bleeding, infection, or complications at the
catheter insertion site. Keep the child's leg straight (if
Post-procedure Care for the catheter was inserted via femoral artery) for
Cardiac Catheterization several hours.
Hydration After Cardiac Encourage hydration to flush out the dye used during
Catheterization the procedure.
Keep the child calm to prevent increased respiratory
Laryngotracheobronchitis distress. Administer humidified air, and use
(Croup) Nursing corticosteroids (dexamethasone) to reduce airway
Interventions inflammation.
Improved respiratory effort, absence of stridor at rest,
How to Determine the and normal oxygen saturation.
Effectiveness of Croup
Treatment
High fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing, and a
Epiglottitis Symptoms 'tripod' position.
DO NOT attempt to examine the throat (may cause
Nursing Interventions for spasm or obstruction). Keep the child calm and
Epiglottitis ensure they have access to oxygen.
Both are spread via respiratory droplets. Precautions:
Mumps and Measles Implement droplet precautions for both conditions.
precautions
, A highly contagious bacterial infection causing severe
coughing fits, often ending in a 'whoop' sound during
What is Pertussis inhalation. Treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin)
(Whooping Cough)/ if caught early, supportive care for symptoms.
treatment
Hallmark Symptom: A 'slapped cheek' rash on the
Fifth Disease (Erythema face. Spread: Droplet transmission. Precautions:
Infectiosum) Droplet precautions.
Symptom/Precaution
Avoid Aspirin in children with febrile illnesses due to
Aspirin in Pediatric the risk of Reye's Syndrome, a rare but serious
Patients yes/no? why? condition affecting the liver and brain.
Prevention: Place babies on their backs to sleep.
SIDS (Sudden Infant Avoid soft bedding or pillows in the crib. Ensure the
Death Syndrome) baby sleeps in a smoke-free environment.
prevention
Ear Drops: Warm the drops to body temperature, and
Otitis Media and Otitis tilt the child's head so the ear canal is upright, then
Media with Effusion administer the prescribed amount.
medication administration
How to know if there is a Presence of drainage or pus coming from the ear.
Ruptured Eardrum
Nursing Interventions: Administer bronchodilators
(albuterol) and corticosteroids. Encourage the use of
a peak flow meter to monitor lung function. Educate
Asthma nursing parents on recognizing triggers and using inhalers
interventions properly.
Symptoms: Chest pain, fainting, fatigue. Treatment:
Aortic Stenosis symptoms Surgery to relieve obstruction.
Precautions: Contact and droplet precautions.
RSV (Respiratory Nursing Interventions: Provide humidified oxygen.
Syncytial Virus) Administer bronchodilators and/or steroids. Hydration
Precaution/Interventions and supportive care.
Symptoms: Wheezing, cough, difficulty breathing,
Bronchiolitis fever. Nursing Interventions: Oxygen therapy,
symptoms/Interventions suctioning, fluids, and supportive care.
