CURSUS MEDISCHE
MICROBIOLOGIE :
BACTERIOLOGIE THEORIE
BL2
Geschreven door Oumaima
Student Farmaceutische & biologische laboratoriumtechnologie
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Medische microbiologie ....................................................................................... 5
Hoofdstuk 2: Pathologische specimens ...................................................................................... 9
Transportmateriaal: .............................................................................................................. 10
Spuiten.................................................................................................................................. 11
Transportrecipiënten ............................................................................................................ 12
Transport in voedingsbodems .............................................................................................. 12
Transportomstandigheden ................................................................................................... 13
Soorten microbiologische specimens................................................................................... 14
Bloed = Steriel .................................................................................................................. 14
Hoofdstuk 3: Microscopisch onderzoek ................................................................................... 21
Rechtstreeks (vers) onderzoek ............................................................................................. 21
Gramkleuring ........................................................................................................................ 22
Ziehl-Neelsen kleuring (zuurvaste kleuring) ......................................................................... 22
Auraminekleuring ................................................................................................................. 23
Calcofluorkleuring ................................................................................................................ 24
Hoofdstuk 4: Kweekmethoden ................................................................................................. 25
Isolatiebodems ..................................................................................................................... 25
Entingstechnieken ................................................................................................................ 27
Incubatie-omstandigheden .................................................................................................. 27
Hoofdstuk 5: Identificatiemethoden ........................................................................................ 29
Primaire kenmerken ............................................................................................................. 29
Secundaire kenmerken ......................................................................................................... 41
Multitestmedia /gecombineerde testmedia (vb. KIA, SIM, TSI) ........................................... 56
MALDI-TOF Massaspectrometrie ......................................................................................... 63
Hoofdstuk 6: Werkschema voor identificatie van Gramnegatieve micro-organismen ............ 64
Gramkleuring ........................................................................................................................ 64
Fermentatie van glucose ...................................................................................................... 66
Cytochroomoxidasetest ........................................................................................................ 67
Hoofdstuk 7: Enterobacterales ................................................................................................. 68
Algemene Kenmerken .......................................................................................................... 68
Algemene indeling en pathogeen vermogen ....................................................................... 68
1
, Cultuur en identificatie ......................................................................................................... 70
Hoofdstuk 8: Oxidase positieve fermenterende Gramnegatieve bacillen ............................... 89
Vibrio .................................................................................................................................... 90
Aeromonas en Plesiomonas ................................................................................................. 93
Pasteurella ............................................................................................................................ 94
Hoofdstuk 9: Niet-vergistende strikt aërobe Gramnegatieve bacillen ..................................... 96
Beschrijving van de genera ................................................................................................... 98
Hoofdstuk 10: Moeilijk kweekbare Gramnegatieve bacteriën ............................................... 104
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus .............................................................................................. 105
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ......................................................................... 108
Cardiobacterium ................................................................................................................. 109
Eikenella corrodens ............................................................................................................ 110
Kingella ............................................................................................................................... 112
Capnocytophaga ................................................................................................................. 115
CDC group HB-5 .................................................................................................................. 116
Hoofdstuk 11: Gramnegatieve bacillen die speciale groeivoorwaarden vereisen ................. 117
Brucella ............................................................................................................................... 117
Haemophilus....................................................................................................................... 120
Legionella ........................................................................................................................... 127
Bordetella ........................................................................................................................... 131
Campylobacteraceae .......................................................................................................... 134
Helicobacter ....................................................................................................................... 137
Hoofdstuk 12: Gramnegatieve kokken ................................................................................... 141
Neisseria ............................................................................................................................. 141
Moraxella catarrhalis .......................................................................................................... 146
Hoofdstuk 13: Gramnegatieve anaërobe bacteriën ............................................................... 149
Pathogeen vermogen ......................................................................................................... 150
Cultuur en identificatie ....................................................................................................... 151
Hoofdstuk 14: Anaërobe Grampositieve bacillen .................................................................. 153
Clostridium ......................................................................................................................... 153
Actinomyces ....................................................................................................................... 165
Bifidobacterium .................................................................................................................. 167
2
, Eubacterium (Eggerthella) .................................................................................................. 167
Cutibacterium ..................................................................................................................... 167
Hoofdstuk 15: Spirochaetales ................................................................................................. 169
Spirochaetaceae: Treponema pallidum .............................................................................. 169
Spirochaetaceae: Borrelia .................................................................................................. 174
Leptospiraceae: Leptospira ................................................................................................ 177
Hoofdstuk 16: Mycobacterium ............................................................................................... 178
Algemene kenmerken......................................................................................................... 178
Indeling en pathogeen vermogen ...................................................................................... 179
Laboratoriumdiagnose ....................................................................................................... 183
Hoofdstuk 17: Grampositieve kokken .................................................................................... 187
Micrococcaceae .................................................................................................................. 187
Katalase negatieve Grampositieve kokken ......................................................................... 199
Hoofdstuk 18: Aerobe Grampositieve bacillen ...................................................................... 219
Bacillus ................................................................................................................................ 219
............................................................................................................................................ 220
Corynebacterium ................................................................................................................ 220
Erysipelothrix ...................................................................................................................... 222
Lactobacillus ....................................................................................................................... 224
Listeria ................................................................................................................................ 225
Nocardia ............................................................................................................................. 226
Rhodococcus equi .............................................................................................................. 229
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum ........................................................................................ 230
Hoofdstuk 19: Mycoplasma .................................................................................................... 232
Mycoplasma pneumoniae .................................................................................................. 233
Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium en Ureaplasma urealyticum ................... 234
............................................................................................................................................ 236
Chlamydia ........................................................................................................................... 236
Hoofdstuk 25: Antibiogram .................................................................................................... 240
Gevoeligheid van micro-organismen.................................................................................. 240
3
MICROBIOLOGIE :
BACTERIOLOGIE THEORIE
BL2
Geschreven door Oumaima
Student Farmaceutische & biologische laboratoriumtechnologie
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Medische microbiologie ....................................................................................... 5
Hoofdstuk 2: Pathologische specimens ...................................................................................... 9
Transportmateriaal: .............................................................................................................. 10
Spuiten.................................................................................................................................. 11
Transportrecipiënten ............................................................................................................ 12
Transport in voedingsbodems .............................................................................................. 12
Transportomstandigheden ................................................................................................... 13
Soorten microbiologische specimens................................................................................... 14
Bloed = Steriel .................................................................................................................. 14
Hoofdstuk 3: Microscopisch onderzoek ................................................................................... 21
Rechtstreeks (vers) onderzoek ............................................................................................. 21
Gramkleuring ........................................................................................................................ 22
Ziehl-Neelsen kleuring (zuurvaste kleuring) ......................................................................... 22
Auraminekleuring ................................................................................................................. 23
Calcofluorkleuring ................................................................................................................ 24
Hoofdstuk 4: Kweekmethoden ................................................................................................. 25
Isolatiebodems ..................................................................................................................... 25
Entingstechnieken ................................................................................................................ 27
Incubatie-omstandigheden .................................................................................................. 27
Hoofdstuk 5: Identificatiemethoden ........................................................................................ 29
Primaire kenmerken ............................................................................................................. 29
Secundaire kenmerken ......................................................................................................... 41
Multitestmedia /gecombineerde testmedia (vb. KIA, SIM, TSI) ........................................... 56
MALDI-TOF Massaspectrometrie ......................................................................................... 63
Hoofdstuk 6: Werkschema voor identificatie van Gramnegatieve micro-organismen ............ 64
Gramkleuring ........................................................................................................................ 64
Fermentatie van glucose ...................................................................................................... 66
Cytochroomoxidasetest ........................................................................................................ 67
Hoofdstuk 7: Enterobacterales ................................................................................................. 68
Algemene Kenmerken .......................................................................................................... 68
Algemene indeling en pathogeen vermogen ....................................................................... 68
1
, Cultuur en identificatie ......................................................................................................... 70
Hoofdstuk 8: Oxidase positieve fermenterende Gramnegatieve bacillen ............................... 89
Vibrio .................................................................................................................................... 90
Aeromonas en Plesiomonas ................................................................................................. 93
Pasteurella ............................................................................................................................ 94
Hoofdstuk 9: Niet-vergistende strikt aërobe Gramnegatieve bacillen ..................................... 96
Beschrijving van de genera ................................................................................................... 98
Hoofdstuk 10: Moeilijk kweekbare Gramnegatieve bacteriën ............................................... 104
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus .............................................................................................. 105
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ......................................................................... 108
Cardiobacterium ................................................................................................................. 109
Eikenella corrodens ............................................................................................................ 110
Kingella ............................................................................................................................... 112
Capnocytophaga ................................................................................................................. 115
CDC group HB-5 .................................................................................................................. 116
Hoofdstuk 11: Gramnegatieve bacillen die speciale groeivoorwaarden vereisen ................. 117
Brucella ............................................................................................................................... 117
Haemophilus....................................................................................................................... 120
Legionella ........................................................................................................................... 127
Bordetella ........................................................................................................................... 131
Campylobacteraceae .......................................................................................................... 134
Helicobacter ....................................................................................................................... 137
Hoofdstuk 12: Gramnegatieve kokken ................................................................................... 141
Neisseria ............................................................................................................................. 141
Moraxella catarrhalis .......................................................................................................... 146
Hoofdstuk 13: Gramnegatieve anaërobe bacteriën ............................................................... 149
Pathogeen vermogen ......................................................................................................... 150
Cultuur en identificatie ....................................................................................................... 151
Hoofdstuk 14: Anaërobe Grampositieve bacillen .................................................................. 153
Clostridium ......................................................................................................................... 153
Actinomyces ....................................................................................................................... 165
Bifidobacterium .................................................................................................................. 167
2
, Eubacterium (Eggerthella) .................................................................................................. 167
Cutibacterium ..................................................................................................................... 167
Hoofdstuk 15: Spirochaetales ................................................................................................. 169
Spirochaetaceae: Treponema pallidum .............................................................................. 169
Spirochaetaceae: Borrelia .................................................................................................. 174
Leptospiraceae: Leptospira ................................................................................................ 177
Hoofdstuk 16: Mycobacterium ............................................................................................... 178
Algemene kenmerken......................................................................................................... 178
Indeling en pathogeen vermogen ...................................................................................... 179
Laboratoriumdiagnose ....................................................................................................... 183
Hoofdstuk 17: Grampositieve kokken .................................................................................... 187
Micrococcaceae .................................................................................................................. 187
Katalase negatieve Grampositieve kokken ......................................................................... 199
Hoofdstuk 18: Aerobe Grampositieve bacillen ...................................................................... 219
Bacillus ................................................................................................................................ 219
............................................................................................................................................ 220
Corynebacterium ................................................................................................................ 220
Erysipelothrix ...................................................................................................................... 222
Lactobacillus ....................................................................................................................... 224
Listeria ................................................................................................................................ 225
Nocardia ............................................................................................................................. 226
Rhodococcus equi .............................................................................................................. 229
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum ........................................................................................ 230
Hoofdstuk 19: Mycoplasma .................................................................................................... 232
Mycoplasma pneumoniae .................................................................................................. 233
Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium en Ureaplasma urealyticum ................... 234
............................................................................................................................................ 236
Chlamydia ........................................................................................................................... 236
Hoofdstuk 25: Antibiogram .................................................................................................... 240
Gevoeligheid van micro-organismen.................................................................................. 240
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