Parker's FS Exam Prep Complete
Questions And Answers | Verified
Railroad Track Standard Gague CORRECT ANSWERS 4 ft, 8.5 in
Miner's inches measure what? CORRECT ANSWERS Rate of flow of water.
Concave vs. Convex CORRECT ANSWERS "Looking into the cave." = Concave
"Looking at the exterior" = Convex
Isogonic Chart CORRECT ANSWERS Connects points of equal magnetic declination.
Map of North American continent which has the lines and degree readings showing the
difference between True North and Magnetic North.
Etymology: Iso = same
gonic = angle
Secular Variation CORRECT ANSWERS secular variation is the very gradual chang in
magnetic declination (follows cycles of about 300yrs).
Annual variation is generally less than a minute of arc in the USA.
Daily variation is an easterly movement early in the day, followed by a westerly
movement reaching a maximum change of about 8 minutes of arc.
irregular variations are caused by magnetic storms that in most instances result from
sunspot activity.
constant variation is made up. there is no such thing.
Refraction makes objects appear higher or lower than they really are? CORRECT
ANSWERS Refraction makes objects appear higher.
This is because the radius of an arc of light is nearly 7 times the radius of the curvature
of the earth. The Resulting effect of this is "Refraction."
Refraction increases or decreases as the density of the medium through which it passes
increases or decreases? CORRECT ANSWERS Refraction INCREASES as the density
of the medium INCREASES.
Cool air is more or less dense than hot air? CORRECT ANSWERS Cool are is MORE
dense than hot air.
Light refracts more through cold air than through hot air.
If cross-hairs appear to move with respect to the target when an observer looks through
a telescope, this is called: CORRECT ANSWERS Parallax
,Parallax occurs when the image created by the lens lies in front of or behind the plane
of the cross-hairs.
It CAN be remedied by adjustment.
Erecting eyepiece CORRECT ANSWERS - Consist of four plano-convex lenses placed
in eyepiece slide
Inverting eyepiece CORRECT ANSWERS - Composed of two plano-convex lenses
placed in eyepiece slide.
Because it has fewer lenses, an inverting eyepiece is slightly superior to an erecting
eyepiece, but they are not used widely in the USA.
chromatic aberration CORRECT ANSWERS caused by different elements of the
spectrum of light being diverted differently as they pass through lenses
the focusing of different colors of light at different distances behind a lens
Most surveying instruments have high/low capacity for magnification? CORRECT
ANSWERS Most have low capacity for magnification. This is bc magnification increases
the effect of heat waves, turbulence, and vibrations on observations. Greater
magnification would also reduce the field of view, which is undesirable.
Magnification range of most surveying instruments. CORRECT ANSWERS 18-42
diameters
spherical aberration CORRECT ANSWERS an optical property whereby different
portions of a spherical lens or spherical, concave mirror have slightly different focal
lengths, thereby producing a fuzzy image
Compound lens of crown glass and flint glass CORRECT ANSWERS an objective lense
design that is used to minimize both spherical and chromatic aberrations in the optical
systems of many surveying instruments.
Double Convex Objective Lens CORRECT ANSWERS used to minimize both spherical
and chromatic aberrations in the optical systems of many surveying instruments
Speaking Rods CORRECT ANSWERS A term sometimes used for a self-reading rod.
They are graduated to allow the instrument operator to read them. target level rods are
read by the rodman and are not widely used.
Philadelphia Rod CORRECT ANSWERS this rod has two sections and is graduated on
both sides up to 7ft. extended, the rod usually reaches 13ft.
,Compensator in Automatic Levels CORRECT ANSWERS consists of an arrangement of
3 prisms that are allowed to swing like a pendulum. this dampened mechanism
maintains a horizontal line of sight even when the telescope barrel is not precisely level.
When rodman rocks rod back and forth during a level loop, which reading is correct?
CORRECT ANSWERS The lowest reading is the correct reading. It occurs when the
rod is vertical.
Why balance the lengths of FS and BS in a level loop? CORRECT ANSWERS To
minimize the effect of a line of signt that is not perfectly horizontal.
Erros due to lack of a perfectly horizontal line of sight tend to cancel each other out if
the foresight and backsight are roughly equal in length.
To find the elevation of an intermediate Turning Point (TP) during a level loop...
CORRECT ANSWERS HI - FS = TP
Reciprocal Leveling CORRECT ANSWERS The level is set up on one side of the river,
near a turning point on which a rod is held. simultaneously, another rod is help on a TP
on the far side of the river. observing the rods in close succession allows the calculation
of the difference in elevation between the two turning points while minimizing the effects
of refraction. by moving the instrument to the far bank of the river and repeating the
procedure, the difference in elevation is determined agian. these two differences will
likely be unequal. the mean of the two differences will closely approximate the actual
change in elevation between the two turning points.
Double Rodding CORRECT ANSWERS
To find the angle from which a leveling rod deviates from vertical. CORRECT
ANSWERS Rod fully extended = 13.0ft
error = +0.02ft in a 7.00ft rod reading
cos(a)=(7.00ft/7.02ft)
-angle (a) is the angle of the rod
cos(a) = 0.997151
a=04d19'34"
This angle (a) can now be used to find the distance from plumb at the top of the 13.00ft
rod:
sin(04d19'34")(13ft) = 0.98ft
How to calculate Elevation from a Field Book with BS, FS, Sta, and HI: CORRECT
ANSWERS BS + (previous elevation) = HI
HI - FS = Elevation
HI - (previous elevation) = BS
Elevation + HI = FS
, How to tell if a rod is further or closer by the stadia hairs. CORRECT ANSWERS The
interval between the upper and lower stadia hairs tells you if the rod is closer or further
away. The interval is smaller if the rod is closer, and larger if the rod is further away.
Field Book Calcs for 3-wire leveling CORRECT ANSWERS (Average BS) + (Previous
Elevation) = HI
HI - (Average FS) = Elevation of TP
What does "Thread" / "Int" mean in a Field Book for 3-wire leveling? CORRECT
ANSWERS It means the interval between the upper and lower cross-hairs.
Stadia Interval Factor of a Leveling Instrument CORRECT ANSWERS usually 100
Calc distance to BS and with the Interval (Thread) between cross-hairs. Then calc the
difference between their lengths. CORRECT ANSWERS (Interval after BS) * (Stadia
Interval Factor) = Distance to BS
(Interval after FS)* (Stadia Interval Factor) = Distance to FS
(Distance to BS) - (Distance to FS) = Difference between lengths of BS and FS
*You can swap which distance goes first, to make sure you get a positive # for your
solution.
The Limit placed on the difference between the 3-wire level readings CORRECT
ANSWERS 2 of the smallest units being recorded.
*get clarification on this one
Interpolation CORRECT ANSWERS the method of finding intermediate values between
fixed values.
The plotting of contours on a map with spot elevations involves interpolation since the
spots seldom fall precisely on the contour elevations.
Zenith angle CORRECT ANSWERS the angle formed between a line perpendicular to
the earth's surface and the position of the sun in the sky
Equation to find angular correction to measured zenith angles at each end of a line to
compensate for the difference in the HI and the EDM. Used in Trigonometric Leveling to
find the elevation of an unknown mon't, when you have a known elevation. CORRECT
ANSWERS ((sin(measured zenith angle)) / (Slope distance)) = ((sin(angular
correction))/((Height of EDM) - HI)
*see solution 33 in part 6 of PPI2Pass "Surveying Solved Problems"
Equation for Corrected Angle used in Trigonometric Leveling to find the elevation of an
unknown mon't, when you have a known elevation. CORRECT ANSWERS (Measured
Zenith Forward Angle) + (Angular Correction) = (Corrected Angle)
Questions And Answers | Verified
Railroad Track Standard Gague CORRECT ANSWERS 4 ft, 8.5 in
Miner's inches measure what? CORRECT ANSWERS Rate of flow of water.
Concave vs. Convex CORRECT ANSWERS "Looking into the cave." = Concave
"Looking at the exterior" = Convex
Isogonic Chart CORRECT ANSWERS Connects points of equal magnetic declination.
Map of North American continent which has the lines and degree readings showing the
difference between True North and Magnetic North.
Etymology: Iso = same
gonic = angle
Secular Variation CORRECT ANSWERS secular variation is the very gradual chang in
magnetic declination (follows cycles of about 300yrs).
Annual variation is generally less than a minute of arc in the USA.
Daily variation is an easterly movement early in the day, followed by a westerly
movement reaching a maximum change of about 8 minutes of arc.
irregular variations are caused by magnetic storms that in most instances result from
sunspot activity.
constant variation is made up. there is no such thing.
Refraction makes objects appear higher or lower than they really are? CORRECT
ANSWERS Refraction makes objects appear higher.
This is because the radius of an arc of light is nearly 7 times the radius of the curvature
of the earth. The Resulting effect of this is "Refraction."
Refraction increases or decreases as the density of the medium through which it passes
increases or decreases? CORRECT ANSWERS Refraction INCREASES as the density
of the medium INCREASES.
Cool air is more or less dense than hot air? CORRECT ANSWERS Cool are is MORE
dense than hot air.
Light refracts more through cold air than through hot air.
If cross-hairs appear to move with respect to the target when an observer looks through
a telescope, this is called: CORRECT ANSWERS Parallax
,Parallax occurs when the image created by the lens lies in front of or behind the plane
of the cross-hairs.
It CAN be remedied by adjustment.
Erecting eyepiece CORRECT ANSWERS - Consist of four plano-convex lenses placed
in eyepiece slide
Inverting eyepiece CORRECT ANSWERS - Composed of two plano-convex lenses
placed in eyepiece slide.
Because it has fewer lenses, an inverting eyepiece is slightly superior to an erecting
eyepiece, but they are not used widely in the USA.
chromatic aberration CORRECT ANSWERS caused by different elements of the
spectrum of light being diverted differently as they pass through lenses
the focusing of different colors of light at different distances behind a lens
Most surveying instruments have high/low capacity for magnification? CORRECT
ANSWERS Most have low capacity for magnification. This is bc magnification increases
the effect of heat waves, turbulence, and vibrations on observations. Greater
magnification would also reduce the field of view, which is undesirable.
Magnification range of most surveying instruments. CORRECT ANSWERS 18-42
diameters
spherical aberration CORRECT ANSWERS an optical property whereby different
portions of a spherical lens or spherical, concave mirror have slightly different focal
lengths, thereby producing a fuzzy image
Compound lens of crown glass and flint glass CORRECT ANSWERS an objective lense
design that is used to minimize both spherical and chromatic aberrations in the optical
systems of many surveying instruments.
Double Convex Objective Lens CORRECT ANSWERS used to minimize both spherical
and chromatic aberrations in the optical systems of many surveying instruments
Speaking Rods CORRECT ANSWERS A term sometimes used for a self-reading rod.
They are graduated to allow the instrument operator to read them. target level rods are
read by the rodman and are not widely used.
Philadelphia Rod CORRECT ANSWERS this rod has two sections and is graduated on
both sides up to 7ft. extended, the rod usually reaches 13ft.
,Compensator in Automatic Levels CORRECT ANSWERS consists of an arrangement of
3 prisms that are allowed to swing like a pendulum. this dampened mechanism
maintains a horizontal line of sight even when the telescope barrel is not precisely level.
When rodman rocks rod back and forth during a level loop, which reading is correct?
CORRECT ANSWERS The lowest reading is the correct reading. It occurs when the
rod is vertical.
Why balance the lengths of FS and BS in a level loop? CORRECT ANSWERS To
minimize the effect of a line of signt that is not perfectly horizontal.
Erros due to lack of a perfectly horizontal line of sight tend to cancel each other out if
the foresight and backsight are roughly equal in length.
To find the elevation of an intermediate Turning Point (TP) during a level loop...
CORRECT ANSWERS HI - FS = TP
Reciprocal Leveling CORRECT ANSWERS The level is set up on one side of the river,
near a turning point on which a rod is held. simultaneously, another rod is help on a TP
on the far side of the river. observing the rods in close succession allows the calculation
of the difference in elevation between the two turning points while minimizing the effects
of refraction. by moving the instrument to the far bank of the river and repeating the
procedure, the difference in elevation is determined agian. these two differences will
likely be unequal. the mean of the two differences will closely approximate the actual
change in elevation between the two turning points.
Double Rodding CORRECT ANSWERS
To find the angle from which a leveling rod deviates from vertical. CORRECT
ANSWERS Rod fully extended = 13.0ft
error = +0.02ft in a 7.00ft rod reading
cos(a)=(7.00ft/7.02ft)
-angle (a) is the angle of the rod
cos(a) = 0.997151
a=04d19'34"
This angle (a) can now be used to find the distance from plumb at the top of the 13.00ft
rod:
sin(04d19'34")(13ft) = 0.98ft
How to calculate Elevation from a Field Book with BS, FS, Sta, and HI: CORRECT
ANSWERS BS + (previous elevation) = HI
HI - FS = Elevation
HI - (previous elevation) = BS
Elevation + HI = FS
, How to tell if a rod is further or closer by the stadia hairs. CORRECT ANSWERS The
interval between the upper and lower stadia hairs tells you if the rod is closer or further
away. The interval is smaller if the rod is closer, and larger if the rod is further away.
Field Book Calcs for 3-wire leveling CORRECT ANSWERS (Average BS) + (Previous
Elevation) = HI
HI - (Average FS) = Elevation of TP
What does "Thread" / "Int" mean in a Field Book for 3-wire leveling? CORRECT
ANSWERS It means the interval between the upper and lower cross-hairs.
Stadia Interval Factor of a Leveling Instrument CORRECT ANSWERS usually 100
Calc distance to BS and with the Interval (Thread) between cross-hairs. Then calc the
difference between their lengths. CORRECT ANSWERS (Interval after BS) * (Stadia
Interval Factor) = Distance to BS
(Interval after FS)* (Stadia Interval Factor) = Distance to FS
(Distance to BS) - (Distance to FS) = Difference between lengths of BS and FS
*You can swap which distance goes first, to make sure you get a positive # for your
solution.
The Limit placed on the difference between the 3-wire level readings CORRECT
ANSWERS 2 of the smallest units being recorded.
*get clarification on this one
Interpolation CORRECT ANSWERS the method of finding intermediate values between
fixed values.
The plotting of contours on a map with spot elevations involves interpolation since the
spots seldom fall precisely on the contour elevations.
Zenith angle CORRECT ANSWERS the angle formed between a line perpendicular to
the earth's surface and the position of the sun in the sky
Equation to find angular correction to measured zenith angles at each end of a line to
compensate for the difference in the HI and the EDM. Used in Trigonometric Leveling to
find the elevation of an unknown mon't, when you have a known elevation. CORRECT
ANSWERS ((sin(measured zenith angle)) / (Slope distance)) = ((sin(angular
correction))/((Height of EDM) - HI)
*see solution 33 in part 6 of PPI2Pass "Surveying Solved Problems"
Equation for Corrected Angle used in Trigonometric Leveling to find the elevation of an
unknown mon't, when you have a known elevation. CORRECT ANSWERS (Measured
Zenith Forward Angle) + (Angular Correction) = (Corrected Angle)
