FINAL BIOCHEM 3 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
fatty acids are exported into the blood and go to the muscle
when
you are exercising and burning fat
fatty acids are exported into the blood and go to the liver when
when you are starving
B Oxidation - carnitine shuttle
1. Fatty acyl CoA (cytosol) goes through transporter
CARNITINE PALMITOYL_ TRANSFERASE 1 making a
carinitine (escort)
(fatty acyl) carnitine in the INNER MEMBRANE SPACE
2. Carnitine stays in the inner-membrane space and makes fatty
acyl COA (mitochondria matrix) by CARNITINE
PALMITOYL TRANSFERASE 2
Fatty acyl CoA in the blank, fatty acyl carnitine in the blank,
fatty acyl coA is blank
cytosol, inner membrane space, mitochondria matrix
B oxidation step 1 Dehydrogenation
(making a double bond)
Substrate: Fatty acyl CoA
,enzyme: Acyl CoA dehydrogenase + FAD
product: Enoyl CoA (2 trans)
B-oxidation, step 2 hydration
substrate: Enoyl CoA (2 trans)
enzyme: Enoyl CoA hydratase + (H2O)
product: 3-hydroxyacyl CoA
B-oxidation step 3
substrate: 3-hydroxyacyl CoA
enzyme: 3 hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase + NAD+
product: 3 keto acylCoA
B-oxidation step 4
substrate: 3 keto acylCoA
enzyme: b ketoacyl CoA thiolase + CoA
product: fatty acyl coa + acetyl coa
butaryl coa (hint 4 chain saturated fatty acid)
29 ATP
3 keto butaryl coa
24 ATP
,how many atp if you start with acetoacetyl coa
24 ATP
3 hydroxyacyl CoA
27 ATP
ketone bodies synthesis
only liver.
Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl coA >
HMG-CoA
HMG-COA becomes
acetoacetate + acetyl CoA
Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl coA > blank > blank
HMG-CoA, acetoacetate
acetoacetate (2 acetyl-coA) becomes
3 hydroxybutyrate
lesson 4
Phospholipid synthesis
CTP is required
ATP
fuel/ energy
UTP
used to activate sugars
, GTP
signaling nucleotide (G-protein)
Phospholipases
hydrolyzes the acyls groups off the glycerol phospholipid
Phospholipase C
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)
triacylgylcerol
storage of fat used to beta oxidize for use in TCA cycle, NADH,
ketone bodies, etc.
Where is fat stored?
adipose tissue & liver for conversion into ketone bodies
4 ribonucleotides
atp, gdp, ctp, utp
phosphatidic acid
diacylglycerol phosphate, EVERY CELL can make lipids
phospholipid synthesis requires
the nucleotide CTP
CDP
activates the polar head (alcohol) or the phosphate
sugars activated by ___ which acts as the activated leaving
group.
UDP (Uridine diphosphate)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
fatty acids are exported into the blood and go to the muscle
when
you are exercising and burning fat
fatty acids are exported into the blood and go to the liver when
when you are starving
B Oxidation - carnitine shuttle
1. Fatty acyl CoA (cytosol) goes through transporter
CARNITINE PALMITOYL_ TRANSFERASE 1 making a
carinitine (escort)
(fatty acyl) carnitine in the INNER MEMBRANE SPACE
2. Carnitine stays in the inner-membrane space and makes fatty
acyl COA (mitochondria matrix) by CARNITINE
PALMITOYL TRANSFERASE 2
Fatty acyl CoA in the blank, fatty acyl carnitine in the blank,
fatty acyl coA is blank
cytosol, inner membrane space, mitochondria matrix
B oxidation step 1 Dehydrogenation
(making a double bond)
Substrate: Fatty acyl CoA
,enzyme: Acyl CoA dehydrogenase + FAD
product: Enoyl CoA (2 trans)
B-oxidation, step 2 hydration
substrate: Enoyl CoA (2 trans)
enzyme: Enoyl CoA hydratase + (H2O)
product: 3-hydroxyacyl CoA
B-oxidation step 3
substrate: 3-hydroxyacyl CoA
enzyme: 3 hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase + NAD+
product: 3 keto acylCoA
B-oxidation step 4
substrate: 3 keto acylCoA
enzyme: b ketoacyl CoA thiolase + CoA
product: fatty acyl coa + acetyl coa
butaryl coa (hint 4 chain saturated fatty acid)
29 ATP
3 keto butaryl coa
24 ATP
,how many atp if you start with acetoacetyl coa
24 ATP
3 hydroxyacyl CoA
27 ATP
ketone bodies synthesis
only liver.
Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl coA >
HMG-CoA
HMG-COA becomes
acetoacetate + acetyl CoA
Acetoacetyl CoA + Acetyl coA > blank > blank
HMG-CoA, acetoacetate
acetoacetate (2 acetyl-coA) becomes
3 hydroxybutyrate
lesson 4
Phospholipid synthesis
CTP is required
ATP
fuel/ energy
UTP
used to activate sugars
, GTP
signaling nucleotide (G-protein)
Phospholipases
hydrolyzes the acyls groups off the glycerol phospholipid
Phospholipase C
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)
triacylgylcerol
storage of fat used to beta oxidize for use in TCA cycle, NADH,
ketone bodies, etc.
Where is fat stored?
adipose tissue & liver for conversion into ketone bodies
4 ribonucleotides
atp, gdp, ctp, utp
phosphatidic acid
diacylglycerol phosphate, EVERY CELL can make lipids
phospholipid synthesis requires
the nucleotide CTP
CDP
activates the polar head (alcohol) or the phosphate
sugars activated by ___ which acts as the activated leaving
group.
UDP (Uridine diphosphate)
