MCE 334
(Civil engineering technology for mechanical engineers)
Course Outline:
1.0 Steel Design
1.1 Steel as a construction material
1.2 Steel Sections
1.3 Introduction to simple structural steel design
2.0 Reinforced Concrete Design
2.1 Civil Engineering Materials
2.2 Concrete Technology
2.3 Simple Reinforced Concrete (RC) Design
3.0 Timber Design
3.1 Simple beam design
3.2 Design criteria in bending, shear and deflection
4.0 Surveying
4.1 Leveling
, 1.0 STEEL DESIGN
1.1 Steel as a construction material
Steel is one of the most commonly used materials and is manufactured from iron
ore which is first converted to molten pig iron. The impurities are then removed and
carefully controlled amounts of carbon, silicon, manganese, etc. are added depending
on the type of steel being manufactured.
Steel exhibits desirable physical properties that make it one of the most versatile
construction materials in use. Its great strength, uniformity, light weight, ease of use
and many other desirable properties makes it the material of choice for numerous
structures such as steel bridges, high rise buildings, towers etc.
1.1.1 Types Steel
Some of the steel in common use are:
Mild steel: Commonest type of steel used, it is used as reinforcing
bars in reinforced concrete, it has a low carbon content, relatively strong,
cheap to produce, widely used in the production of steel sections, it is
ductile (ability of a material to withstand large deformations before
failure), easily welded, its properties are known with reasonable accuracy
because its composition is carefully controlled.
High Yield steel: It is stronger than mild steel but has similar stiffness; it
can be used as reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete. It is used for the
wires in pre stressed concrete beams.
High Carbon steel: Has greater strength than mild steel but are less
ductile. It contains high carbon content
Low carbon steel: As the name implies, it has low carbon content, t hey
have sufficient ductility to be bent cold, they are used in the manufacture
of cold formed sections.
Special purpose steels: Produced by adding different element for
example chromium is added to produce stainless steel although this is
too expensive for general structural use.
1.2 STEEL SECTIONS
Four steel sections will be considered which are;
Rolled sections
Compound sections
Built up sections
, Cold rolled sections
1.2.1 Rolled sections
These are produced by hot rolling of steel billets in a rolling mill by passing them through a
series of rolls, they are further categorized as
Universal beams or I- section: For resisting bending moment
Universal columns: Primarily designed to resist axial loads with high radius of gyration
about the minor axis to prevent buckling in that plane.
Channel sections: Used for beams, bracing members, truss members and in compound
members
Angle sections: Can be equal or unequal angle used for bracing members, truss
members, purlins and sheeting rails
Tee section or structural Tees: Produced by cutting a universal beam or column into two
parts. They are used for truss members, ties and light beams
Circular, square and rectangular hollow sections: Produced from flat plate and are
obtained by extrusion or bending plates to the required cross section and by
seaming(welding) them to form tubes. The circular section is made first and then
converted to the square or rectangular shape. These sections make very efficient
compression members which are used in a wide range of applications in lattice girders,
in building frames, for purlins, sheeting rails etc.
, 1.2.2 Compound sections
They are formed by either of the following ways
By strengthening a rolled section such as a universal beam or column by
seaming (welding) on of cover plate. Fig (a)
Combining two separate rolled sections as in the case of crane girders. Fig
(c)
By connecting two members together to form a strong combined
member. Examples are laced and battened members. Fig (d)
(a) (b) (c)
(Civil engineering technology for mechanical engineers)
Course Outline:
1.0 Steel Design
1.1 Steel as a construction material
1.2 Steel Sections
1.3 Introduction to simple structural steel design
2.0 Reinforced Concrete Design
2.1 Civil Engineering Materials
2.2 Concrete Technology
2.3 Simple Reinforced Concrete (RC) Design
3.0 Timber Design
3.1 Simple beam design
3.2 Design criteria in bending, shear and deflection
4.0 Surveying
4.1 Leveling
, 1.0 STEEL DESIGN
1.1 Steel as a construction material
Steel is one of the most commonly used materials and is manufactured from iron
ore which is first converted to molten pig iron. The impurities are then removed and
carefully controlled amounts of carbon, silicon, manganese, etc. are added depending
on the type of steel being manufactured.
Steel exhibits desirable physical properties that make it one of the most versatile
construction materials in use. Its great strength, uniformity, light weight, ease of use
and many other desirable properties makes it the material of choice for numerous
structures such as steel bridges, high rise buildings, towers etc.
1.1.1 Types Steel
Some of the steel in common use are:
Mild steel: Commonest type of steel used, it is used as reinforcing
bars in reinforced concrete, it has a low carbon content, relatively strong,
cheap to produce, widely used in the production of steel sections, it is
ductile (ability of a material to withstand large deformations before
failure), easily welded, its properties are known with reasonable accuracy
because its composition is carefully controlled.
High Yield steel: It is stronger than mild steel but has similar stiffness; it
can be used as reinforcing bars in reinforced concrete. It is used for the
wires in pre stressed concrete beams.
High Carbon steel: Has greater strength than mild steel but are less
ductile. It contains high carbon content
Low carbon steel: As the name implies, it has low carbon content, t hey
have sufficient ductility to be bent cold, they are used in the manufacture
of cold formed sections.
Special purpose steels: Produced by adding different element for
example chromium is added to produce stainless steel although this is
too expensive for general structural use.
1.2 STEEL SECTIONS
Four steel sections will be considered which are;
Rolled sections
Compound sections
Built up sections
, Cold rolled sections
1.2.1 Rolled sections
These are produced by hot rolling of steel billets in a rolling mill by passing them through a
series of rolls, they are further categorized as
Universal beams or I- section: For resisting bending moment
Universal columns: Primarily designed to resist axial loads with high radius of gyration
about the minor axis to prevent buckling in that plane.
Channel sections: Used for beams, bracing members, truss members and in compound
members
Angle sections: Can be equal or unequal angle used for bracing members, truss
members, purlins and sheeting rails
Tee section or structural Tees: Produced by cutting a universal beam or column into two
parts. They are used for truss members, ties and light beams
Circular, square and rectangular hollow sections: Produced from flat plate and are
obtained by extrusion or bending plates to the required cross section and by
seaming(welding) them to form tubes. The circular section is made first and then
converted to the square or rectangular shape. These sections make very efficient
compression members which are used in a wide range of applications in lattice girders,
in building frames, for purlins, sheeting rails etc.
, 1.2.2 Compound sections
They are formed by either of the following ways
By strengthening a rolled section such as a universal beam or column by
seaming (welding) on of cover plate. Fig (a)
Combining two separate rolled sections as in the case of crane girders. Fig
(c)
By connecting two members together to form a strong combined
member. Examples are laced and battened members. Fig (d)
(a) (b) (c)
