Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases, 5th
Edition
1. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER: The first person in history to view
microorganisms and record these observations.
2. Protozoa - ANSWER: Single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile.
3. Prokaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms that include archaea and bacteria.
4. Louis Pasteur - ANSWER: Demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol
is caused by facultative anaerobes.
5. Needham - ANSWER: Provided evidence in favor of the concept of
spontaneous generation.
6. Koch's postulates - ANSWER: A set of criteria for establishing a causal
relationship between a microbe and a disease.
7. Chemical agents - ANSWER: Used to harm or kill microbes, a process known
as chemotherapy.
8. Parasitic worms - ANSWER: Studied in microbiology because diagnosis
usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples.
9. Immunology - ANSWER: The study of the immune system and its response to
pathogens.
10. Vaccines - ANSWER: Developed from the work of Jenner and Pasteur, laying
the foundations of immunology.
11. Basic biochemical reactions - ANSWER: Primarily involve transfer of electrons
and hydrogen ions.
12. Semmelweis - ANSWER: Advocated handwashing as a method of preventing
infections during surgery.
13. Gram stain - ANSWER: A technique developed by Hans Christian Gram
important for bacterial identification.
14. Fungi - ANSWER: Eukaryotes that have a cell wall; molds are multicellular and
yeasts are unicellular.
15. Fermentation - ANSWER: A process caused by facultative anaerobes to
produce alcohol.
,Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases, 5th
Edition
16. Epidemiology - ANSWER: The study of how diseases spread and can be
controlled in populations.
17. Antisepsis - ANSWER: The practice of preventing infection by using antiseptic
techniques.
18. Industrial microbiology - ANSWER: The application of microbiology in industrial
processes.
19. Chemotherapy - ANSWER: The use of chemical agents to harm or kill
microbes.
20. Molds - ANSWER: Multicellular fungi that are not photosynthetic.
21. Yeasts - ANSWER: Unicellular fungi that are not photosynthetic.
22. Obligate parasites - ANSWER: Organisms that can only survive by living on or
in a host.
23. Facultative anaerobes - ANSWER: Microorganisms that can grow in both the
presence and absence of oxygen.
24. Microbial classification - ANSWER: The systematic categorization of
microorganisms.
25. Genetics - ANSWER: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics.
26. Food preparation - ANSWER: The process of preparing food, which can be
influenced by microbiological factors.
27. Infectious disease - ANSWER: Diseases caused by pathogenic
microorganisms.
28. cholera - ANSWER: A bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea and
dehydration.
29. puerperal fever - ANSWER: A bacterial infection that occurs after childbirth.
30. smallpox - ANSWER: A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever
and skin rash.
31. anthrax - ANSWER: A serious infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.
, Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases, 5th
Edition
32. syphilis - ANSWER: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium
Treponema pallidum.
33. chemotherapy - ANSWER: The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer.
34. viruses - ANSWER: A type of microbe that is acellular and requires a host to
replicate.
35. vaccine - ANSWER: A biological preparation that provides active acquired
immunity to a particular infectious disease.
36. public hygiene - ANSWER: The science of promoting and protecting the health
of the population.
37. Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER: A scientist known for his work in microbiology and
the first to observe microbes.
38. genetic engineering - ANSWER: The direct manipulation of an organism's
genes using biotechnology.
39. spontaneous generation - ANSWER: The discredited theory that living
organisms can arise from non-living matter.
40. protozoa - ANSWER: Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be free-
living or parasitic.
41. Ehrlich - ANSWER: A scientist known for his work in developing
chemotherapy.
42. biochemistry - ANSWER: The study of chemical processes within and relating
to living organisms.
43. epidemiology - ANSWER: The study of how diseases spread and can be
controlled.
44. penicillin - ANSWER: An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, discovered
by Alexander Fleming.
45. disinfection - ANSWER: The process of cleaning something to destroy
bacteria.
Edition
1. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER: The first person in history to view
microorganisms and record these observations.
2. Protozoa - ANSWER: Single-celled eukaryotes that are generally motile.
3. Prokaryotes - ANSWER: Organisms that include archaea and bacteria.
4. Louis Pasteur - ANSWER: Demonstrated that fermentation to produce alcohol
is caused by facultative anaerobes.
5. Needham - ANSWER: Provided evidence in favor of the concept of
spontaneous generation.
6. Koch's postulates - ANSWER: A set of criteria for establishing a causal
relationship between a microbe and a disease.
7. Chemical agents - ANSWER: Used to harm or kill microbes, a process known
as chemotherapy.
8. Parasitic worms - ANSWER: Studied in microbiology because diagnosis
usually involves microscopic examination of patient samples.
9. Immunology - ANSWER: The study of the immune system and its response to
pathogens.
10. Vaccines - ANSWER: Developed from the work of Jenner and Pasteur, laying
the foundations of immunology.
11. Basic biochemical reactions - ANSWER: Primarily involve transfer of electrons
and hydrogen ions.
12. Semmelweis - ANSWER: Advocated handwashing as a method of preventing
infections during surgery.
13. Gram stain - ANSWER: A technique developed by Hans Christian Gram
important for bacterial identification.
14. Fungi - ANSWER: Eukaryotes that have a cell wall; molds are multicellular and
yeasts are unicellular.
15. Fermentation - ANSWER: A process caused by facultative anaerobes to
produce alcohol.
,Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases, 5th
Edition
16. Epidemiology - ANSWER: The study of how diseases spread and can be
controlled in populations.
17. Antisepsis - ANSWER: The practice of preventing infection by using antiseptic
techniques.
18. Industrial microbiology - ANSWER: The application of microbiology in industrial
processes.
19. Chemotherapy - ANSWER: The use of chemical agents to harm or kill
microbes.
20. Molds - ANSWER: Multicellular fungi that are not photosynthetic.
21. Yeasts - ANSWER: Unicellular fungi that are not photosynthetic.
22. Obligate parasites - ANSWER: Organisms that can only survive by living on or
in a host.
23. Facultative anaerobes - ANSWER: Microorganisms that can grow in both the
presence and absence of oxygen.
24. Microbial classification - ANSWER: The systematic categorization of
microorganisms.
25. Genetics - ANSWER: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics.
26. Food preparation - ANSWER: The process of preparing food, which can be
influenced by microbiological factors.
27. Infectious disease - ANSWER: Diseases caused by pathogenic
microorganisms.
28. cholera - ANSWER: A bacterial disease causing severe diarrhea and
dehydration.
29. puerperal fever - ANSWER: A bacterial infection that occurs after childbirth.
30. smallpox - ANSWER: A highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever
and skin rash.
31. anthrax - ANSWER: A serious infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.
, Test Bank for Microbiology with Diseases, 5th
Edition
32. syphilis - ANSWER: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium
Treponema pallidum.
33. chemotherapy - ANSWER: The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer.
34. viruses - ANSWER: A type of microbe that is acellular and requires a host to
replicate.
35. vaccine - ANSWER: A biological preparation that provides active acquired
immunity to a particular infectious disease.
36. public hygiene - ANSWER: The science of promoting and protecting the health
of the population.
37. Leeuwenhoek - ANSWER: A scientist known for his work in microbiology and
the first to observe microbes.
38. genetic engineering - ANSWER: The direct manipulation of an organism's
genes using biotechnology.
39. spontaneous generation - ANSWER: The discredited theory that living
organisms can arise from non-living matter.
40. protozoa - ANSWER: Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be free-
living or parasitic.
41. Ehrlich - ANSWER: A scientist known for his work in developing
chemotherapy.
42. biochemistry - ANSWER: The study of chemical processes within and relating
to living organisms.
43. epidemiology - ANSWER: The study of how diseases spread and can be
controlled.
44. penicillin - ANSWER: An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections, discovered
by Alexander Fleming.
45. disinfection - ANSWER: The process of cleaning something to destroy
bacteria.
