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NURS 221 Exam 3 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Urea and creatinine are excreted by the kidneys. Urea is the end
product of ____ metabolism.
⼀Answer:⼀ protein
Urea and creatinine are excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a
metabolic by product that is produced by the ____.
⼀Answer:⼀ muscles
The BUN (Blood-Urea-Nitrogen) to creatinine ration is typically
____ to 1.
⼀Answer:⼀ 10
When serum creatinine is high the GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
is low. The WNL range for SERUM creatinine is ___ (#.#-#.#)
mg/dL.
⼀Answer:⼀ 0.6-1.2
When the BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) level rises, the GFR
(Glomerular Filtration Rate) is low. The WNL range for BUN is ____
(#-#) mg/dL.
⼀Answer:⼀ 7-18
The WNL range for potassium (K+) is ____ (#.#-#-#) mEq/L.
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⼀Answer:⼀ 3.5-5.0
The WNL range for sodium (Na+) is ____ (#-#) mEq/L.
⼀Answer:⼀ 135-145
A proxy (another way) for determining the glomerular filtration
rate (GFR) is known as ____ clearance. A 24-hour urine specimen
is collected to determine this.
⼀Answer:⼀ creatinine
The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron where the blood
gets filtered. Blood enters through the [ afferent / efferent ] arteriole
to the proximal tubule and begins the process of urine formation.
The proximal and distal tubules are semi-selective membranes.
Blood and proteins are reabsorbed into the circulation.
⼀Answer:⼀ afferent
The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron where the blood
gets filtered. Blood enters through the afferent arteriole to the
proximal tubule and begins the process of ____ formation. The
proximal and distal tubules are semi-selective membranes. Blood
and proteins are reabsorbed into the circulation.
⼀Answer:⼀ urine
Urine formation * excretion of waste products * electrolyte, water
and acid-base balance * renal clearance * regulation of RBC prod'n
via erythropoietin * synthesis of active form of vitamin D *
secretion of prostaglandins * All of these are key functions of the
____.
⼀Answer:⼀ kidneys
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The nurse knows that diabetes and ____ are major risk factors for
chronic kidney disease.
⼀Answer:⼀ hypertension
Urine is formed in the nephrons through a complex three-step
process: glomerular filtration, tubular ____, and tubular secretion.
Approximately 180L/day of filtrate results in 1-2 L of urine.
⼀Answer:⼀ reabsorption
Tubular ___ occurs when substances move from the peritubular
capillary (blood) into the tubular lumen (filtrate). It helps with the
elimination of K+, H+, ammonia, uric acid, some drugs and other
waste products.
⼀Answer:⼀ secretion
The WNL GFR is ___ (#) mL/min. This is measured by (urine)
creatinine clearance.
⼀Answer:⼀ 125
As renal function worsens, the level of creatinine clearance [
decreases / increases ].
⼀Answer:⼀ decreases
* Decreased kidney size * 50% fewer nephrons * 50% decrease in
renal blood flow * kidney tubules less able to concentrate urine *
risk for dehydration due to decreased perception of thirst. These are
all factors which affect the kidneys in the ____ (two words)
population.
⼀Answer:⼀ older adult
NURS 221 Exam 3 Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers
Urea and creatinine are excreted by the kidneys. Urea is the end
product of ____ metabolism.
⼀Answer:⼀ protein
Urea and creatinine are excreted by the kidneys. Creatinine is a
metabolic by product that is produced by the ____.
⼀Answer:⼀ muscles
The BUN (Blood-Urea-Nitrogen) to creatinine ration is typically
____ to 1.
⼀Answer:⼀ 10
When serum creatinine is high the GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
is low. The WNL range for SERUM creatinine is ___ (#.#-#.#)
mg/dL.
⼀Answer:⼀ 0.6-1.2
When the BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) level rises, the GFR
(Glomerular Filtration Rate) is low. The WNL range for BUN is ____
(#-#) mg/dL.
⼀Answer:⼀ 7-18
The WNL range for potassium (K+) is ____ (#.#-#-#) mEq/L.
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⼀Answer:⼀ 3.5-5.0
The WNL range for sodium (Na+) is ____ (#-#) mEq/L.
⼀Answer:⼀ 135-145
A proxy (another way) for determining the glomerular filtration
rate (GFR) is known as ____ clearance. A 24-hour urine specimen
is collected to determine this.
⼀Answer:⼀ creatinine
The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron where the blood
gets filtered. Blood enters through the [ afferent / efferent ] arteriole
to the proximal tubule and begins the process of urine formation.
The proximal and distal tubules are semi-selective membranes.
Blood and proteins are reabsorbed into the circulation.
⼀Answer:⼀ afferent
The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron where the blood
gets filtered. Blood enters through the afferent arteriole to the
proximal tubule and begins the process of ____ formation. The
proximal and distal tubules are semi-selective membranes. Blood
and proteins are reabsorbed into the circulation.
⼀Answer:⼀ urine
Urine formation * excretion of waste products * electrolyte, water
and acid-base balance * renal clearance * regulation of RBC prod'n
via erythropoietin * synthesis of active form of vitamin D *
secretion of prostaglandins * All of these are key functions of the
____.
⼀Answer:⼀ kidneys
, Page | 3
The nurse knows that diabetes and ____ are major risk factors for
chronic kidney disease.
⼀Answer:⼀ hypertension
Urine is formed in the nephrons through a complex three-step
process: glomerular filtration, tubular ____, and tubular secretion.
Approximately 180L/day of filtrate results in 1-2 L of urine.
⼀Answer:⼀ reabsorption
Tubular ___ occurs when substances move from the peritubular
capillary (blood) into the tubular lumen (filtrate). It helps with the
elimination of K+, H+, ammonia, uric acid, some drugs and other
waste products.
⼀Answer:⼀ secretion
The WNL GFR is ___ (#) mL/min. This is measured by (urine)
creatinine clearance.
⼀Answer:⼀ 125
As renal function worsens, the level of creatinine clearance [
decreases / increases ].
⼀Answer:⼀ decreases
* Decreased kidney size * 50% fewer nephrons * 50% decrease in
renal blood flow * kidney tubules less able to concentrate urine *
risk for dehydration due to decreased perception of thirst. These are
all factors which affect the kidneys in the ____ (two words)
population.
⼀Answer:⼀ older adult
