ABPD ORAL BOARDS EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What does tell-show-do mean? - ANSWER-explain, demonstrate, then complete the
step
What is the concentration of fluoride ion in 5% NaF varnish? - ANSWER-2.26%
fluoride ion (22,500 ppm = 22.5mg/mL = 2.26%)
Is local anesthesia always needed for Class V restorations? - ANSWER-Not always
for smaller restorations but YES if using rubber dam for soft tissue comfort)
What should you ask if a patient has a history of a heart murmur? - ANSWER-1.
What is the current heart murmur status?
2. Any follow ups?
3. Did they ever see a cardiologist?
4. Any need for echo or chest films?
5. Symptoms?
6. Medications?
7. SBE ever needed in the past?
8. Any activity restrictions?
What radiographs are indicated for a patient with a traumatized permanent incisor? -
ANSWER-Take 2 PAs of traumatize area with different angles to minimize diagnostic
errors.
When is the final restoration recommended for an uncomplicated crown fracture? -
ANSWER-6-8 weeks
What treatment is indicated for a middle third root fracture after trauma to a central
incisor? - ANSWER-Splint for 6-8 weeks OR until mobility is reduced
What are the indication for crowns instead of composite in anterior teeth in children?
- ANSWER-1. Severity of caries
2. Extension of caries
3. High caries risk
4. pulp-treated teeth
5. poor patient compliance
6. developmental defects
7. restore and protect teeth with extensive surface loss (abrasion or erosion)
8. extensive caries treated under GA
List the different types of crowns for children. - ANSWER-Strip, SSC, open-faced
SSCs, pre-veneered SSCs, polycarbonate, Zirconia
Why is a hole placed in the incisal edge of a strip crown prior to placement? -
ANSWER-To vent the resin and prevent air voids
,What are the indications for full coverage restorations on anterior teeth? - ANSWER-
1. Multisurface lesions (due to caries or trauma)
2. Involvement of incisal edge
3. Extensive cervical decal
4. Pulp therapy
5. Minor caries but very poor OH
6. Poor isolation
What type of cement is BioCem and what are its properties? - ANSWER-Bio-active
cement that can be used for Zircs. It forms hydroxyapatite to integrate into tooth
structure and releases phosphate, calcium, and fluoride ions. It is a dual-cured RMGI
cement.
List 3 differences between Zircs and SSCs - ANSWER-1. Passive fit
2. Inability to crimp
3. Natural color
What can interfere with Zirc cementation? - ANSWER-poor hemorrhage control- this
is why try-in crowns help
What cements can be used for zircs? - ANSWER-RMGI, GI cement, BioCem
Does IPT reduce the longevity of a restoration? - ANSWER-No
When is IPT contraindicated for primary molars? - ANSWER-If there is history of
spontaneous pain or clinical or radiographic pathology
Contraindications to resin restorations - ANSWER-1. Poor isolation
2. Large Multi-surface restorations in posterior permanent dentition
3. High risk patients with multiple caries lesions, demin, and poor oral hygiene and
poor maintenance of restortions
How should you etch primary teeth? - ANSWER-15 to 20 seconds
Should a class II resin be light cured again after polishing? - ANSWER-Yes
What are the properties of RMGI restorations? - ANSWER-1. Chemically bond to
enamel and dentin
2. Release fluoride
3. Good esthetics
4. Less moisture-sensitive than resin
What are the indications for a Class V RMGI? - ANSWER-1. Difficulty with isolation
2. Poor behavior
3. Moderate caries risk (due to FL release)
What are the indications for Interim therapeutic retorations? - ANSWER-1.
Uncooperative patients
,2. Patients with special needs
3. Interim for caries control when other materials can't be used
How should a RMGI restoration be finished? - ANSWER-Place an unfilled resin
adhesive over final restorations, final finishing with handpiece may not always be
indicated if steps followed properly (but can do finishing bur slowly over surface)
What should you consider in ortho eval of primary dentition? - ANSWER-1.
Anomalies of tooth number and size
2. Any crossbites
3. Presence of oral habits along with dental and skeletal consequences
What caries risk is a patient that has visible radiographic enamel caries? - ANSWER-
High caries risk
What radiographs should be taken in primary dentition with closed posterior
contacts? - ANSWER-Should be individualized per patient- but likely select PAs and
posterior bitewings
What is the most common factor that limits long term prognosis of traumatized teeth
with pulp exposure? - ANSWER-If there is a concomitant luxation injury this can
compromise pulp circulation and lead to necrosis. Size of the exposure is NOT a
factor as long as sufficient pulp amputation is performed to get to healthy tissue
What bur should be used for Cvek pulpotomy? - ANSWER-Abrasive diamond in high
speed handpiece with water cooling
What are treatment objectives for a complicated crown fracture? - ANSWER-1.
Maintain vitality of pulp
2. Restore esthetics
3. Restore function
According to Cvek, what are the pulpal changes resulting from a traumatic pulp
exposure? - ANSWER-Proliferative response with inflammation extending a few
millimeters into pulp
What are the advantages of using NaOCl to control pulp hemorrhage during a
pulpotomy procedure? - ANSWER-1. Hemostasis
2. Kills bacteria
3. Doesn't damage pulp
What are the advantages of a partial pulpotomy over a pulpectomy for treatment of a
complicated crown fracture? - ANSWER-1. Preserves cell-rich coronal pulp
2. Increases healing potential
3. Allows for physiologic apposition of cervical dentin
4. Obviates need for RCT
5. Preserves natural color and translucency
, What are the most commonly used pulp dressing materials in a partial pulpotomy
and what are their properties? - ANSWER-MTA and CaOH stimulate the healing of
the pulp and formation of dentin bridge
What are the indications for a pulpotomy? - ANSWER-1. Deep caries lesions
(sometimes even without pulp exposure)
2. Carious or traumatic pulp exposure with transitory thermal and/ or chemical
stimulated pain
3. No abnormal mobility
4. Normal soft tissues
5. No percussion sensitivity
6. Normal PDL
7. Normal periapical bone
Treatment objectives of pulpotomy - ANSWER-1. Eliminate potential for infection
2. Maintain tooth in healthy state
3. Preserve space for underlying permanent teeth
4. Maintain primary tooth in case of congenitally missing permanent tooth
What portion of teeth with carious pulp exposures have "normal" pulps? - ANSWER-
one third
What portion of teeth with deep caries with NO pulp exposure have "abnormal"
pulps? - ANSWER-one third
What are the properties of the ideal dressing material for pulpotomies? - ANSWER-
1. Bactericidal
2. Promote healing of radicular pulp
3. Not interfere with root resorption
What is the known clinical and radiographic success based on studies for formo
pulpotomies? - ANSWER-97%
What is the MOA of formocresol? - ANSWER-Tissue fixation
What is the MOA of MTA? - ANSWER-Promotes remineralization
What is the pH of MTA? - ANSWER-12.5 (starts out at 10.2 then increases to 12.5 3
hours after it's mixed)
What is the pH of ferric sulfate? - ANSWER-1
What is the MOA of ferric sulfate? - ANSWER-Hemostatic, denatures protein and
forms ferric ion complex that occludes cut blood vessels
What are complications of a pulpotomy failure in a primary molar? - ANSWER-
internal resorption progressing into the bone, interradicular pathology, abscess
What are the indications for a pulpectomy? - ANSWER-1. Teeth with chronic
inflammation (irreversible pulpitis) or necrosis
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What does tell-show-do mean? - ANSWER-explain, demonstrate, then complete the
step
What is the concentration of fluoride ion in 5% NaF varnish? - ANSWER-2.26%
fluoride ion (22,500 ppm = 22.5mg/mL = 2.26%)
Is local anesthesia always needed for Class V restorations? - ANSWER-Not always
for smaller restorations but YES if using rubber dam for soft tissue comfort)
What should you ask if a patient has a history of a heart murmur? - ANSWER-1.
What is the current heart murmur status?
2. Any follow ups?
3. Did they ever see a cardiologist?
4. Any need for echo or chest films?
5. Symptoms?
6. Medications?
7. SBE ever needed in the past?
8. Any activity restrictions?
What radiographs are indicated for a patient with a traumatized permanent incisor? -
ANSWER-Take 2 PAs of traumatize area with different angles to minimize diagnostic
errors.
When is the final restoration recommended for an uncomplicated crown fracture? -
ANSWER-6-8 weeks
What treatment is indicated for a middle third root fracture after trauma to a central
incisor? - ANSWER-Splint for 6-8 weeks OR until mobility is reduced
What are the indication for crowns instead of composite in anterior teeth in children?
- ANSWER-1. Severity of caries
2. Extension of caries
3. High caries risk
4. pulp-treated teeth
5. poor patient compliance
6. developmental defects
7. restore and protect teeth with extensive surface loss (abrasion or erosion)
8. extensive caries treated under GA
List the different types of crowns for children. - ANSWER-Strip, SSC, open-faced
SSCs, pre-veneered SSCs, polycarbonate, Zirconia
Why is a hole placed in the incisal edge of a strip crown prior to placement? -
ANSWER-To vent the resin and prevent air voids
,What are the indications for full coverage restorations on anterior teeth? - ANSWER-
1. Multisurface lesions (due to caries or trauma)
2. Involvement of incisal edge
3. Extensive cervical decal
4. Pulp therapy
5. Minor caries but very poor OH
6. Poor isolation
What type of cement is BioCem and what are its properties? - ANSWER-Bio-active
cement that can be used for Zircs. It forms hydroxyapatite to integrate into tooth
structure and releases phosphate, calcium, and fluoride ions. It is a dual-cured RMGI
cement.
List 3 differences between Zircs and SSCs - ANSWER-1. Passive fit
2. Inability to crimp
3. Natural color
What can interfere with Zirc cementation? - ANSWER-poor hemorrhage control- this
is why try-in crowns help
What cements can be used for zircs? - ANSWER-RMGI, GI cement, BioCem
Does IPT reduce the longevity of a restoration? - ANSWER-No
When is IPT contraindicated for primary molars? - ANSWER-If there is history of
spontaneous pain or clinical or radiographic pathology
Contraindications to resin restorations - ANSWER-1. Poor isolation
2. Large Multi-surface restorations in posterior permanent dentition
3. High risk patients with multiple caries lesions, demin, and poor oral hygiene and
poor maintenance of restortions
How should you etch primary teeth? - ANSWER-15 to 20 seconds
Should a class II resin be light cured again after polishing? - ANSWER-Yes
What are the properties of RMGI restorations? - ANSWER-1. Chemically bond to
enamel and dentin
2. Release fluoride
3. Good esthetics
4. Less moisture-sensitive than resin
What are the indications for a Class V RMGI? - ANSWER-1. Difficulty with isolation
2. Poor behavior
3. Moderate caries risk (due to FL release)
What are the indications for Interim therapeutic retorations? - ANSWER-1.
Uncooperative patients
,2. Patients with special needs
3. Interim for caries control when other materials can't be used
How should a RMGI restoration be finished? - ANSWER-Place an unfilled resin
adhesive over final restorations, final finishing with handpiece may not always be
indicated if steps followed properly (but can do finishing bur slowly over surface)
What should you consider in ortho eval of primary dentition? - ANSWER-1.
Anomalies of tooth number and size
2. Any crossbites
3. Presence of oral habits along with dental and skeletal consequences
What caries risk is a patient that has visible radiographic enamel caries? - ANSWER-
High caries risk
What radiographs should be taken in primary dentition with closed posterior
contacts? - ANSWER-Should be individualized per patient- but likely select PAs and
posterior bitewings
What is the most common factor that limits long term prognosis of traumatized teeth
with pulp exposure? - ANSWER-If there is a concomitant luxation injury this can
compromise pulp circulation and lead to necrosis. Size of the exposure is NOT a
factor as long as sufficient pulp amputation is performed to get to healthy tissue
What bur should be used for Cvek pulpotomy? - ANSWER-Abrasive diamond in high
speed handpiece with water cooling
What are treatment objectives for a complicated crown fracture? - ANSWER-1.
Maintain vitality of pulp
2. Restore esthetics
3. Restore function
According to Cvek, what are the pulpal changes resulting from a traumatic pulp
exposure? - ANSWER-Proliferative response with inflammation extending a few
millimeters into pulp
What are the advantages of using NaOCl to control pulp hemorrhage during a
pulpotomy procedure? - ANSWER-1. Hemostasis
2. Kills bacteria
3. Doesn't damage pulp
What are the advantages of a partial pulpotomy over a pulpectomy for treatment of a
complicated crown fracture? - ANSWER-1. Preserves cell-rich coronal pulp
2. Increases healing potential
3. Allows for physiologic apposition of cervical dentin
4. Obviates need for RCT
5. Preserves natural color and translucency
, What are the most commonly used pulp dressing materials in a partial pulpotomy
and what are their properties? - ANSWER-MTA and CaOH stimulate the healing of
the pulp and formation of dentin bridge
What are the indications for a pulpotomy? - ANSWER-1. Deep caries lesions
(sometimes even without pulp exposure)
2. Carious or traumatic pulp exposure with transitory thermal and/ or chemical
stimulated pain
3. No abnormal mobility
4. Normal soft tissues
5. No percussion sensitivity
6. Normal PDL
7. Normal periapical bone
Treatment objectives of pulpotomy - ANSWER-1. Eliminate potential for infection
2. Maintain tooth in healthy state
3. Preserve space for underlying permanent teeth
4. Maintain primary tooth in case of congenitally missing permanent tooth
What portion of teeth with carious pulp exposures have "normal" pulps? - ANSWER-
one third
What portion of teeth with deep caries with NO pulp exposure have "abnormal"
pulps? - ANSWER-one third
What are the properties of the ideal dressing material for pulpotomies? - ANSWER-
1. Bactericidal
2. Promote healing of radicular pulp
3. Not interfere with root resorption
What is the known clinical and radiographic success based on studies for formo
pulpotomies? - ANSWER-97%
What is the MOA of formocresol? - ANSWER-Tissue fixation
What is the MOA of MTA? - ANSWER-Promotes remineralization
What is the pH of MTA? - ANSWER-12.5 (starts out at 10.2 then increases to 12.5 3
hours after it's mixed)
What is the pH of ferric sulfate? - ANSWER-1
What is the MOA of ferric sulfate? - ANSWER-Hemostatic, denatures protein and
forms ferric ion complex that occludes cut blood vessels
What are complications of a pulpotomy failure in a primary molar? - ANSWER-
internal resorption progressing into the bone, interradicular pathology, abscess
What are the indications for a pulpectomy? - ANSWER-1. Teeth with chronic
inflammation (irreversible pulpitis) or necrosis
