UNC EXSS 181 FINAL EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
4 steps of PST program - ANS 1. Education and assessment: teach importance
2. Acquisition: create strategies for learning skills
3. Practice:
4. Evaluation: did it work?
Sport and Exercise Psychology - ANS The scientific study of human behavior in sport and
exercise, and the practical application of that knowledge
Overtraining - ANS - Part of training cycle (overload) in which training is raised and then
lowered to make the body more fit
- Short cycle of high levels of training that are near or at maximal capacity
Why are the phases of PST programs described as a circular process? - ANS you always
reassess at the end and try again
3 roles of sport psychologists - ANS -Research (plan, design, implement, and evaluate
research);
-Teaching (university courses);
-Consulting (help individuals and teams improve performance)
Staleness - ANS - A state in which the athlete has difficulty maintaining standard training
regimens and can no longer achieve previous performance results
1 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,- Physical and emotional lull
- Early sign of burnout
What is the ultimate goal of PST? - ANS Self Regulation: the ability to work towards one's
short and long term goals by effectively motion and managing one's thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors.
2 major types of questions in the field? - ANS -Understanding the effects of psychological
factors on sport/physical activity behavior and performance
-Understanding the effects of participating in sport/physical activity on psychological
development, health, and well-being
Burnout - ANS - Multidimensional cognitive-affective syndrome characterized by dimensions
of physical and emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of personal accomplishment, devaluation
of sport context
- Largely conceptualized as a response to chronic negative stress
What are self-regulations 5 stages? - ANS 1. Problem Identification
2. Commitment
3. Execution
4. Environmental management
5. Generalization
What does B= f(P,E) mean? - ANS Behavior is a function of both the person and his/her
environment
-Is dynamic; precise prediction difficult; need to understand both person and context
3 Characteristics/Dimensions of Burnout - ANS - Physical and emotional exhaustion
- Reduced sense of personal accomplishment
2 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,- Devaluation of sport context
Who is at the highest risk of burnout? - ANS - Perfectionism
- Type A
- High trait anxiety
- Low self-confidence
- Being overly other-oriented
Who are the main historical figures? What did they do? - ANS --Norman Triplett: key figure in
history of social, sport, and exercise psychology; studied social facilitation of bikers; tested
whether bikers rode faster when in groups than alone
--Coleman Griffith: "Father of Modern Sport Psychology"; first research lab; 25 research articles
What are common problems in implementing PST programs? - ANS 1. Lack of conviction
2. Lack of time
3. Lack of sport knowledge (by consultant)
4. Lack of follow-up (athlete and consultant)
What are the differences between the 3 methods of arousal control? - ANS 1. Deep
breathing: simple breathing out releases tension
2. PMR: contracting and relaxing releases tension
3. Autogenic training: producing sensations in your body releases tension
6 periods of sports psychology - ANS --Early years(1895-1920): characterized by isolated
studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place; Coleman
Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of Illinois
--Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development
attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
3 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, --Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology became a
valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
--Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice, characterized
by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected by the public
--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide, considerable
diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
Physical/Psychological Responses to Burnout - ANS - Tension
- State anxiety
- Anger
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Negative self-talk
What is the advantage of the deep breathing technique? - ANS It is easy and effective
- it is also very quick so you can use it during breaks
Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. Advantages/disadvantages of each? - ANS -Common
sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick; limitations= not based on experience
or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate, innovative;
limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
-Science (controlled, empirical investigations); strengths= reliable, objective; limitations=
reductionistic, slow to evolve
Stress Model of Burnout - ANS - Commitment & Entrapment Theory
- Participate because they "have to" not "want to" because of: social pressures; lack of
attractive alternatives; large investments
4 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
4 steps of PST program - ANS 1. Education and assessment: teach importance
2. Acquisition: create strategies for learning skills
3. Practice:
4. Evaluation: did it work?
Sport and Exercise Psychology - ANS The scientific study of human behavior in sport and
exercise, and the practical application of that knowledge
Overtraining - ANS - Part of training cycle (overload) in which training is raised and then
lowered to make the body more fit
- Short cycle of high levels of training that are near or at maximal capacity
Why are the phases of PST programs described as a circular process? - ANS you always
reassess at the end and try again
3 roles of sport psychologists - ANS -Research (plan, design, implement, and evaluate
research);
-Teaching (university courses);
-Consulting (help individuals and teams improve performance)
Staleness - ANS - A state in which the athlete has difficulty maintaining standard training
regimens and can no longer achieve previous performance results
1 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,- Physical and emotional lull
- Early sign of burnout
What is the ultimate goal of PST? - ANS Self Regulation: the ability to work towards one's
short and long term goals by effectively motion and managing one's thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors.
2 major types of questions in the field? - ANS -Understanding the effects of psychological
factors on sport/physical activity behavior and performance
-Understanding the effects of participating in sport/physical activity on psychological
development, health, and well-being
Burnout - ANS - Multidimensional cognitive-affective syndrome characterized by dimensions
of physical and emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of personal accomplishment, devaluation
of sport context
- Largely conceptualized as a response to chronic negative stress
What are self-regulations 5 stages? - ANS 1. Problem Identification
2. Commitment
3. Execution
4. Environmental management
5. Generalization
What does B= f(P,E) mean? - ANS Behavior is a function of both the person and his/her
environment
-Is dynamic; precise prediction difficult; need to understand both person and context
3 Characteristics/Dimensions of Burnout - ANS - Physical and emotional exhaustion
- Reduced sense of personal accomplishment
2 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
,- Devaluation of sport context
Who is at the highest risk of burnout? - ANS - Perfectionism
- Type A
- High trait anxiety
- Low self-confidence
- Being overly other-oriented
Who are the main historical figures? What did they do? - ANS --Norman Triplett: key figure in
history of social, sport, and exercise psychology; studied social facilitation of bikers; tested
whether bikers rode faster when in groups than alone
--Coleman Griffith: "Father of Modern Sport Psychology"; first research lab; 25 research articles
What are common problems in implementing PST programs? - ANS 1. Lack of conviction
2. Lack of time
3. Lack of sport knowledge (by consultant)
4. Lack of follow-up (athlete and consultant)
What are the differences between the 3 methods of arousal control? - ANS 1. Deep
breathing: simple breathing out releases tension
2. PMR: contracting and relaxing releases tension
3. Autogenic training: producing sensations in your body releases tension
6 periods of sports psychology - ANS --Early years(1895-1920): characterized by isolated
studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place; Coleman
Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of Illinois
--Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development
attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
3 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
, --Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology became a
valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
--Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice, characterized
by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected by the public
--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide, considerable
diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
Physical/Psychological Responses to Burnout - ANS - Tension
- State anxiety
- Anger
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Negative self-talk
What is the advantage of the deep breathing technique? - ANS It is easy and effective
- it is also very quick so you can use it during breaks
Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. Advantages/disadvantages of each? - ANS -Common
sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick; limitations= not based on experience
or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate, innovative;
limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
-Science (controlled, empirical investigations); strengths= reliable, objective; limitations=
reductionistic, slow to evolve
Stress Model of Burnout - ANS - Commitment & Entrapment Theory
- Participate because they "have to" not "want to" because of: social pressures; lack of
attractive alternatives; large investments
4 @COPYRIGHT THEBRIGHT 2025/2026
