Samenvatting bacteriële en mycotische
ziekten
Inhoudsopgave
Intro en disease ecology ................................................................................................................................... 6
Ziektedriehoek: Pathogeen, gastheer en omgeving ............................................................................................ 6
Gastheer .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
De bacterie of schimmel ............................................................................................................................... 10
De omgeving ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Resultaat infectie ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Groepsniveau .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Transmissie .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Impact op populatieniveau ........................................................................................................................... 14
Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................................... 15
De context ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Infectie .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Ziekte ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Staalname ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Diagnostische mogelijkheden: pathogeen ........................................................................................................ 16
De ouwe trouwe cultuur ............................................................................................................................... 16
Microscopie ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Antigenen ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
DNA ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
Toxines ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Diagnostische mogelijkheden: gastheer............................................................................................................ 19
Antistoffen ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Cellulaire respons .......................................................................................................................................... 19
DNA/Antigenen/Toxines/Antistoffen/Cellulair .............................................................................................. 20
Omgeving ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Snelheid ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Typering......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Interpretatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Antimicrobiële gevoeligheid .............................................................................................................................. 20
Bestrijding ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
Doel ................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Mogelijkheden................................................................................................................................................... 21
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Predisponerende factoren............................................................................................................................. 21
De omgeving ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Insleep vermijden .......................................................................................................................................... 21
Dieren: Ingangscontrole en quarantaine ....................................................................................................... 21
Mensen ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Vectoren ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
, Materialen ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
Voeding ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
De dierenarts ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Bewaking ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Vaccinatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Curatief .............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Het dier behandelen ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Transmissie beperken ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Omgeving en reservoirs ................................................................................................................................ 25
Culling............................................................................................................................................................ 25
Alternatieven voor antibiotica ....................................................................................................................... 25
Zoönosen ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Belang afhankelijk van het risico ....................................................................................................................... 27
Pathogeniciteit .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Impact van een zoönose ............................................................................................................................... 27
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Gastheerspectrum ......................................................................................................................................... 27
Transmissie .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Gevoelige populatie ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Impact van zoönosen .................................................................................................................................... 28
Q-koorts ............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Bacteriële besmettingen na bijt- of krabwonde ................................................................................................ 28
Pasteurella’s .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Capnocytophaga canimorsus ........................................................................................................................ 28
Bartonella haenselae – kattenkrabziekte ...................................................................................................... 28
Aangifteplichtige dierziekten ............................................................................................................................. 29
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Antroponose ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Pathogen pollution ............................................................................................................................................ 29
Antibioticumresistentie en antimicrobial stewardship ................................................................................... 30
Algemeen .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Indicatie en tijdstip toedienen ........................................................................................................................... 30
Keuzemiddel – Welk antibioticum kies je? ......................................................................................................... 30
Spectrum ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
AMCRA formularium ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Antibiogram................................................................................................................................................... 31
Humane antibiotica ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Patiëntengevoeligheid ................................................................................................................................... 32
Antibiotica ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Werking ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Toedieningsweg ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Duur en dosisregime ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Praktijkgerichte aanpak bacteriële respiratoire aandoeningen bij varkens – Porcine respiratory disease
complex ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ..................................................................................................................... 34
Epidemiologie................................................................................................................................................ 34
, Klinische beelden .......................................................................................................................................... 34
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Preventie ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae ......................................................................................................................... 35
Etiologie......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Pathogenese .................................................................................................................................................. 35
Epidemiologie................................................................................................................................................ 35
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Preventie bij het spenen ............................................................................................................................... 36
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................. 36
Preventie ....................................................................................................................................................... 36
Bacteriën clips rund........................................................................................................................................ 38
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Gasgangreen, koudvuur, maligne oedeem .................................................................................................... 38
Dermatitis algemeen ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Dermatomycose ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Respiratoir stelsel .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Bacteriële bronchopneumonie bij kalveren .................................................................................................. 41
Necrobacillose ............................................................................................................................................... 43
Spijsverteringsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 44
Escherichia coli .............................................................................................................................................. 44
Paratuberculose ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Clostridium perfringens ................................................................................................................................. 48
Zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Listeria ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
Botulisme ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
Urogenitaal stelsel............................................................................................................................................. 56
Brucellose ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 58
Mycoplasma bovis ......................................................................................................................................... 58
Rundertuberculose ........................................................................................................................................ 59
Clips schaap en geit ........................................................................................................................................ 61
Huid, subcutis en oppervlakkige lymfeknopen .................................................................................................. 61
Caseuze lymfadenitis (Pseudo-tuberculose) ................................................................................................. 61
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 62
Mannheimia haemolytica ............................................................................................................................. 62
Spijsverteringsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 63
Clostridium perfringens enteroxemieën ....................................................................................................... 63
Paratuberculose (ziekte van Johne) (cfr. rund) .............................................................................................. 64
Centraal zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................................................................ 64
Tetanus .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Listeriose – Listeria monocytogenes ............................................................................................................. 64
Bewegingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................... 65
Rotkreupel ..................................................................................................................................................... 65
Voortplantingsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 66
Campylobacter abortus – Epizoötische abortus ............................................................................................ 66
Chlamydia abortus – Enzoötische abortus .................................................................................................... 67
Q-koorts – Coxiella burnetti .......................................................................................................................... 68
Mycotische abortus, listeriose en leptospirose ............................................................................................. 68
, Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 68
Clips paard ..................................................................................................................................................... 69
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Staphylococcus pyodermie............................................................................................................................ 69
Dermatophilus congolensis ........................................................................................................................... 70
Dermatomycose ............................................................................................................................................ 71
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 72
Bovenste luchtwegen .................................................................................................................................... 72
Diepere luchtwegen en longen ..................................................................................................................... 72
Spijsverteringsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 74
Clostridium perfringens bij veulens............................................................................................................... 75
Clostridium perfringens type A, typhlo-colitis............................................................................................... 75
Zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................................................................................... 76
Tetanus .......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Genitaal stelse ................................................................................................................................................... 77
Besmettelijke baarmoederontsteking (CEM) ................................................................................................ 77
Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 79
Salmonellose ................................................................................................................................................. 79
Systemische droes – Streptococcus equi subspecies equi ............................................................................ 81
Malleus – Kwade droes ................................................................................................................................. 83
Clips hond en kat ............................................................................................................................................ 84
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Pyodermie ..................................................................................................................................................... 84
Dermatomycose ............................................................................................................................................ 87
Het oor .............................................................................................................................................................. 89
Otitis externa ................................................................................................................................................. 89
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 90
Kennelhoest .................................................................................................................................................. 90
Chlamydia felis .............................................................................................................................................. 92
Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 94
Leptospirose .................................................................................................................................................. 94
Clips varken .................................................................................................................................................... 98
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Pyodermie ..................................................................................................................................................... 98
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 99
Contagieuze pleuropneumonie – Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ........................................................... 99
(Progressieve) atrofische rhinitis ................................................................................................................. 101
Mycoplasma hyperpneumoniae - Enzoötische pneumonie ....................................................................... 103
Spijsverteringsstelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 105
Dysenterie ................................................................................................................................................... 105
E. coli ........................................................................................................................................................... 106
Slingerziekte ................................................................................................................................................ 108
Proliferatieve enteropathie (intestinaal adenomatosis complex) – Lawsonia intracellularis ...................... 110
Algemene aandoeningen ................................................................................................................................ 111
Salmonella ................................................................................................................................................... 111
Vlekziekte .................................................................................................................................................... 113
Streptococcus suis ....................................................................................................................................... 114
ziekten
Inhoudsopgave
Intro en disease ecology ................................................................................................................................... 6
Ziektedriehoek: Pathogeen, gastheer en omgeving ............................................................................................ 6
Gastheer .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
De bacterie of schimmel ............................................................................................................................... 10
De omgeving ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Resultaat infectie ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Groepsniveau .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Transmissie .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Impact op populatieniveau ........................................................................................................................... 14
Diagnostiek .................................................................................................................................................... 15
De context ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Infectie .......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Ziekte ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
Staalname ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Diagnostische mogelijkheden: pathogeen ........................................................................................................ 16
De ouwe trouwe cultuur ............................................................................................................................... 16
Microscopie ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Antigenen ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
DNA ............................................................................................................................................................... 18
Toxines ........................................................................................................................................................... 18
Diagnostische mogelijkheden: gastheer............................................................................................................ 19
Antistoffen ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Cellulaire respons .......................................................................................................................................... 19
DNA/Antigenen/Toxines/Antistoffen/Cellulair .............................................................................................. 20
Omgeving ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Snelheid ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Typering......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Interpretatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
Antimicrobiële gevoeligheid .............................................................................................................................. 20
Bestrijding ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
Doel ................................................................................................................................................................... 21
Mogelijkheden................................................................................................................................................... 21
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Predisponerende factoren............................................................................................................................. 21
De omgeving ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Insleep vermijden .......................................................................................................................................... 21
Dieren: Ingangscontrole en quarantaine ....................................................................................................... 21
Mensen ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Vectoren ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
, Materialen ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
Voeding ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
De dierenarts ................................................................................................................................................. 22
Bewaking ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Vaccinatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Curatief .............................................................................................................................................................. 23
Het dier behandelen ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................. 23
Transmissie beperken ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Omgeving en reservoirs ................................................................................................................................ 25
Culling............................................................................................................................................................ 25
Alternatieven voor antibiotica ....................................................................................................................... 25
Zoönosen ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Belang afhankelijk van het risico ....................................................................................................................... 27
Pathogeniciteit .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Impact van een zoönose ............................................................................................................................... 27
Prevalentie .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Gastheerspectrum ......................................................................................................................................... 27
Transmissie .................................................................................................................................................... 27
Gevoelige populatie ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Impact van zoönosen .................................................................................................................................... 28
Q-koorts ............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Bacteriële besmettingen na bijt- of krabwonde ................................................................................................ 28
Pasteurella’s .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Capnocytophaga canimorsus ........................................................................................................................ 28
Bartonella haenselae – kattenkrabziekte ...................................................................................................... 28
Aangifteplichtige dierziekten ............................................................................................................................. 29
Preventie ........................................................................................................................................................... 29
Antroponose ...................................................................................................................................................... 29
Pathogen pollution ............................................................................................................................................ 29
Antibioticumresistentie en antimicrobial stewardship ................................................................................... 30
Algemeen .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Indicatie en tijdstip toedienen ........................................................................................................................... 30
Keuzemiddel – Welk antibioticum kies je? ......................................................................................................... 30
Spectrum ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
AMCRA formularium ..................................................................................................................................... 30
Antibiogram................................................................................................................................................... 31
Humane antibiotica ....................................................................................................................................... 31
Patiëntengevoeligheid ................................................................................................................................... 32
Antibiotica ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Werking ......................................................................................................................................................... 32
Toedieningsweg ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Duur en dosisregime ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Praktijkgerichte aanpak bacteriële respiratoire aandoeningen bij varkens – Porcine respiratory disease
complex ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ..................................................................................................................... 34
Epidemiologie................................................................................................................................................ 34
, Klinische beelden .......................................................................................................................................... 34
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................. 34
Preventie ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae ......................................................................................................................... 35
Etiologie......................................................................................................................................................... 35
Pathogenese .................................................................................................................................................. 35
Epidemiologie................................................................................................................................................ 35
Diagnose ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Preventie bij het spenen ............................................................................................................................... 36
Behandeling .................................................................................................................................................. 36
Preventie ....................................................................................................................................................... 36
Bacteriën clips rund........................................................................................................................................ 38
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Gasgangreen, koudvuur, maligne oedeem .................................................................................................... 38
Dermatitis algemeen ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Dermatomycose ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Respiratoir stelsel .............................................................................................................................................. 41
Bacteriële bronchopneumonie bij kalveren .................................................................................................. 41
Necrobacillose ............................................................................................................................................... 43
Spijsverteringsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 44
Escherichia coli .............................................................................................................................................. 44
Paratuberculose ............................................................................................................................................ 46
Clostridium perfringens ................................................................................................................................. 48
Zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Listeria ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
Botulisme ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
Urogenitaal stelsel............................................................................................................................................. 56
Brucellose ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 58
Mycoplasma bovis ......................................................................................................................................... 58
Rundertuberculose ........................................................................................................................................ 59
Clips schaap en geit ........................................................................................................................................ 61
Huid, subcutis en oppervlakkige lymfeknopen .................................................................................................. 61
Caseuze lymfadenitis (Pseudo-tuberculose) ................................................................................................. 61
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 62
Mannheimia haemolytica ............................................................................................................................. 62
Spijsverteringsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 63
Clostridium perfringens enteroxemieën ....................................................................................................... 63
Paratuberculose (ziekte van Johne) (cfr. rund) .............................................................................................. 64
Centraal zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................................................................ 64
Tetanus .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Listeriose – Listeria monocytogenes ............................................................................................................. 64
Bewegingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................... 65
Rotkreupel ..................................................................................................................................................... 65
Voortplantingsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 66
Campylobacter abortus – Epizoötische abortus ............................................................................................ 66
Chlamydia abortus – Enzoötische abortus .................................................................................................... 67
Q-koorts – Coxiella burnetti .......................................................................................................................... 68
Mycotische abortus, listeriose en leptospirose ............................................................................................. 68
, Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 68
Clips paard ..................................................................................................................................................... 69
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Staphylococcus pyodermie............................................................................................................................ 69
Dermatophilus congolensis ........................................................................................................................... 70
Dermatomycose ............................................................................................................................................ 71
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 72
Bovenste luchtwegen .................................................................................................................................... 72
Diepere luchtwegen en longen ..................................................................................................................... 72
Spijsverteringsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 74
Clostridium perfringens bij veulens............................................................................................................... 75
Clostridium perfringens type A, typhlo-colitis............................................................................................... 75
Zenuwstelsel ...................................................................................................................................................... 76
Tetanus .......................................................................................................................................................... 76
Genitaal stelse ................................................................................................................................................... 77
Besmettelijke baarmoederontsteking (CEM) ................................................................................................ 77
Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 79
Salmonellose ................................................................................................................................................. 79
Systemische droes – Streptococcus equi subspecies equi ............................................................................ 81
Malleus – Kwade droes ................................................................................................................................. 83
Clips hond en kat ............................................................................................................................................ 84
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 84
Pyodermie ..................................................................................................................................................... 84
Dermatomycose ............................................................................................................................................ 87
Het oor .............................................................................................................................................................. 89
Otitis externa ................................................................................................................................................. 89
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 90
Kennelhoest .................................................................................................................................................. 90
Chlamydia felis .............................................................................................................................................. 92
Algemene aandoeningen .................................................................................................................................. 94
Leptospirose .................................................................................................................................................. 94
Clips varken .................................................................................................................................................... 98
Huid ................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Pyodermie ..................................................................................................................................................... 98
Ademhalingsstelsel ............................................................................................................................................ 99
Contagieuze pleuropneumonie – Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ........................................................... 99
(Progressieve) atrofische rhinitis ................................................................................................................. 101
Mycoplasma hyperpneumoniae - Enzoötische pneumonie ....................................................................... 103
Spijsverteringsstelsel ....................................................................................................................................... 105
Dysenterie ................................................................................................................................................... 105
E. coli ........................................................................................................................................................... 106
Slingerziekte ................................................................................................................................................ 108
Proliferatieve enteropathie (intestinaal adenomatosis complex) – Lawsonia intracellularis ...................... 110
Algemene aandoeningen ................................................................................................................................ 111
Salmonella ................................................................................................................................................... 111
Vlekziekte .................................................................................................................................................... 113
Streptococcus suis ....................................................................................................................................... 114
