WGU D236 Pathophysiology pre-test |
100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest
2025 Version
A high school senior sustained a concussion during a football game. Which of the following signs and
symptoms would indicate the presence of postconcussion syndrome in the days and weeks following his
injury?
Select one:
a. Unilateral weakness and decreased coordination
b. Recurrent nosebleeds and hypersomnia
c. Neck pain and decreased neck range of motion
d. Headaches and memory lapses - --CORRECT--d. Headaches and memory lapses
(Postconcussion syndrome includes mild symptoms, such as headache, irritability, insomnia, and poor
concentration and memory. Nosebleeds, hypersomnia, unilateral motor changes, and neck pain are
indicative of more severe brain injury and/or soft tissue injury.)
Magnetic resonance imaging of a client's knee has revealed the presence of bursitis. The nurse should
anticipate performing which intervention for bursitis?
Select one:
a. Administering an antihistamine like Benadryl to minimize inflammation
b. Obtaining a surgical permit to repair the bursae
c. Placing an ice pack on the knee to decrease swelling
d. Applying Buck's traction with 10-pound weights - --CORRECT--c. Placing an ice pack on the knee
to decrease swelling
(Bursae contain synovial fluid, and they exist to prevent friction on a tendon. They are necessary in areas
where pressure is exerted because of close approximation of joint structures. Bursae may become
injured or inflamed, causing discomfort, swelling, and limitation in movement of the involved area.
Buck's traction, Benadryl, and surgery are not the standard treatment for bursitis.)
,The most recent blood work of a client with a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) reveals
thrombocytopenia. Where is the client most likely to experience abnormal bleeding as a result of low
platelets?
Select one:
a. Nephrons and ureters
b. Inside the brain
c. Sclerae of the eyes
d. Skin and mucous membranes - --CORRECT--d. Skin and mucous membranes
Common sites for spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders are the skin and mucous membranes of
the nose, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and uterine cavity. Intracranial hemorrhage is rare, and neither
the sclerae nor the kidneys are typical sites of spontaneous bleeding.
Which of the following individuals likely faces the greatest risk for the development of chronic kidney
disease?
Select one:
a. A client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor his blood sugars or control
his diet
b. A client who experienced a hemorrhagic stroke and now has sensory and motor deficits
c. A first-time mother who recently lost 1.5 L of blood during a postpartum hemorrhage
d. A client whose diagnosis of thyroid cancer necessitated a thyroidectomy - --CORRECT--a. A client
with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor his blood sugars or control his diet
(Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiologic process that results in the loss of nephrons and a
decline in renal function that has persisted for more than 3 months. CKD can result from diabetes,
hypertension, glomerulonephritis, lupus (SLE), and polycystic kidney disease. The prevalence and
incidence of CKD continue to grow, reflecting the growing elderly population and the increasing number
of people with diabetes and hypertension. Hemorrhage may result in acute renal failure, but it is not
associated with chronic kidney disease. Stroke and loss of the thyroid gland are not noted to underlie
cases of chronic kidney disease.)
Which of the following signs and symptoms most clearly suggests the need for endoscopy to rule out
esophageal cancer?
Select one:
a. Recurrent episodes of gastritis that do not respond to changes in diet
, b. Dysphagia in an individual with no history of neurologic disease
c. Heartburn after an individual consumes high-fat meals
d. A new onset of gastroesophageal reflux in a previously healthy individual - --CORRECT--b.
Dysphagia in an individual with no history of neurologic disease
Dysphagia is by far the most frequent complaint of persons with esophageal cancer. It is apparent first
with ingestion of bulky food, later with soft food, and finally with liquids. Heartburn, reflux, and gastritis
are not health problems that are closely associated with the development of esophageal cancer.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), are markers
on all nucleated cells and have an important role in:
Select one:
a. Cell membrane transport
b. Avoiding transplant rejections
c. Identifying blood types
d. Suppressing viral replication - --CORRECT--b. Avoiding transplant rejections
MHC and HLA markers are unique for each individual, except possibly for identical twins. Tissue and
organ transplantation success is dependent on how closely matched the MHC molecules and HLAs are
on the donor and recipient. MHC molecules and HLAs are not involved in transport or viral replication.
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus and thus do not have HLA or MHC molecules on the surface.
A 70-year-old male client has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic
stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are most likely the
result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
Select one:
a. Free radical injury
b. Impaired calcium homeostasis
c. Hypoxia and ATP depletion
d. Interference with DNA synthesis - --CORRECT--c. Hypoxia and ATP depletion
100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest
2025 Version
A high school senior sustained a concussion during a football game. Which of the following signs and
symptoms would indicate the presence of postconcussion syndrome in the days and weeks following his
injury?
Select one:
a. Unilateral weakness and decreased coordination
b. Recurrent nosebleeds and hypersomnia
c. Neck pain and decreased neck range of motion
d. Headaches and memory lapses - --CORRECT--d. Headaches and memory lapses
(Postconcussion syndrome includes mild symptoms, such as headache, irritability, insomnia, and poor
concentration and memory. Nosebleeds, hypersomnia, unilateral motor changes, and neck pain are
indicative of more severe brain injury and/or soft tissue injury.)
Magnetic resonance imaging of a client's knee has revealed the presence of bursitis. The nurse should
anticipate performing which intervention for bursitis?
Select one:
a. Administering an antihistamine like Benadryl to minimize inflammation
b. Obtaining a surgical permit to repair the bursae
c. Placing an ice pack on the knee to decrease swelling
d. Applying Buck's traction with 10-pound weights - --CORRECT--c. Placing an ice pack on the knee
to decrease swelling
(Bursae contain synovial fluid, and they exist to prevent friction on a tendon. They are necessary in areas
where pressure is exerted because of close approximation of joint structures. Bursae may become
injured or inflamed, causing discomfort, swelling, and limitation in movement of the involved area.
Buck's traction, Benadryl, and surgery are not the standard treatment for bursitis.)
,The most recent blood work of a client with a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) reveals
thrombocytopenia. Where is the client most likely to experience abnormal bleeding as a result of low
platelets?
Select one:
a. Nephrons and ureters
b. Inside the brain
c. Sclerae of the eyes
d. Skin and mucous membranes - --CORRECT--d. Skin and mucous membranes
Common sites for spontaneous bleeding from platelet disorders are the skin and mucous membranes of
the nose, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and uterine cavity. Intracranial hemorrhage is rare, and neither
the sclerae nor the kidneys are typical sites of spontaneous bleeding.
Which of the following individuals likely faces the greatest risk for the development of chronic kidney
disease?
Select one:
a. A client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor his blood sugars or control
his diet
b. A client who experienced a hemorrhagic stroke and now has sensory and motor deficits
c. A first-time mother who recently lost 1.5 L of blood during a postpartum hemorrhage
d. A client whose diagnosis of thyroid cancer necessitated a thyroidectomy - --CORRECT--a. A client
with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor his blood sugars or control his diet
(Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiologic process that results in the loss of nephrons and a
decline in renal function that has persisted for more than 3 months. CKD can result from diabetes,
hypertension, glomerulonephritis, lupus (SLE), and polycystic kidney disease. The prevalence and
incidence of CKD continue to grow, reflecting the growing elderly population and the increasing number
of people with diabetes and hypertension. Hemorrhage may result in acute renal failure, but it is not
associated with chronic kidney disease. Stroke and loss of the thyroid gland are not noted to underlie
cases of chronic kidney disease.)
Which of the following signs and symptoms most clearly suggests the need for endoscopy to rule out
esophageal cancer?
Select one:
a. Recurrent episodes of gastritis that do not respond to changes in diet
, b. Dysphagia in an individual with no history of neurologic disease
c. Heartburn after an individual consumes high-fat meals
d. A new onset of gastroesophageal reflux in a previously healthy individual - --CORRECT--b.
Dysphagia in an individual with no history of neurologic disease
Dysphagia is by far the most frequent complaint of persons with esophageal cancer. It is apparent first
with ingestion of bulky food, later with soft food, and finally with liquids. Heartburn, reflux, and gastritis
are not health problems that are closely associated with the development of esophageal cancer.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), are markers
on all nucleated cells and have an important role in:
Select one:
a. Cell membrane transport
b. Avoiding transplant rejections
c. Identifying blood types
d. Suppressing viral replication - --CORRECT--b. Avoiding transplant rejections
MHC and HLA markers are unique for each individual, except possibly for identical twins. Tissue and
organ transplantation success is dependent on how closely matched the MHC molecules and HLAs are
on the donor and recipient. MHC molecules and HLAs are not involved in transport or viral replication.
Red blood cells do not have a nucleus and thus do not have HLA or MHC molecules on the surface.
A 70-year-old male client has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic
stroke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits are most likely the
result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
Select one:
a. Free radical injury
b. Impaired calcium homeostasis
c. Hypoxia and ATP depletion
d. Interference with DNA synthesis - --CORRECT--c. Hypoxia and ATP depletion
